Correlates of atrophic gastritis among Arab participants
| Variable | Crude OR (95% CI)* | P value* | Adjusted OR (95% CI)† | P value† |
| Sex | ||||
| Males | Reference | Reference | ||
| Females | 1.57 (0.99 to 2.46) | 0.052 | 1.44 (0.86 to 2.42) | 0.16 |
| Age, years | df=2 | <0.001 | df=2 | 0.002 |
| 25–44 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 45–64 | 3.52 (1.79 to 6.92) | <0.001 | 3.26 (1.62 to 6.52) | 0.001 |
| 65–78 | 4.17 (2.03 to 8.57) | <0.001 | 3.47 (1.61 to 7.47) | 0.001 |
| Helicobacter pylori IgG seropositivity | df=2 | <0.001 | df=2 | <0.001 |
| H. pylori negative | Reference | Reference | ||
| H. pylori positive CagA negative | 0.18 (0.11 to 0.32) | <0.001 | 0.18 (0.10 to 0.32) | <0.001 |
| H. pylori positive CagA positive | 0.20 (0.11 to 0.36) | <0.001 | 0.19 (0.11 to 0.36) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | ||||
| ≥1 cigarettes/day | 0.70 (0.40 to 1.22) | 0.2 | 0.87 (0.47 to 1.62) | 0.6 |
| No smoking/other | Reference | Reference | ||
| Physical activity | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.46 (0.28 to 0.75) | 0.002 | 0.63 (0.36 to 1.09) | 0.10 |
*OR, 95% CIs and p values obtained from bivariate logistic regression models.
†Adjusted OR, 95% CI and p values obtained from a multivariable logistic regression model. Adjusted for the variables in the table. Nagelkerke R square=0.15, Hosmer and Lemeshow test; df=8, p=0.5. In an additional model (not shown), an interaction term between physical activity and smoking was introduced; it showed a protective effect of physical activity among Arabs that appeared to be limited to non-smokers: aOR 0.52 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.94) (p=0.029), but a test for a smoking–physical activity interaction was not statistically significant (p=0.11).
CagA, cytotoxin-associated gene A.