Demographic and clinical characteristics
| FMD patients vs controls | RLS+ vs RLS− FMD patients | |||||
| FMD patients (N=96) | Controls (N=76) | P value | FMD/RLS+ (N=42) | FMD/RLS− (N=54) | P value | |
| Subjects | ||||||
| Age (years) (SD) | 45.0 (13) | 44.2 (11) | 0.36 | 47.7 (11) | 42.9 (14) | 0.17 |
| Females | 83.3% | 86.8% | 0.52 | 88.1% | 79.6% | 0.27 |
| Mean FMD duration (years) (SD) | 6.0 (5) | – | – | 7.0 (6) | 5.1 (5) | 0.03 |
| Motor symptom (present/present as predominant) | ||||||
| Weakness | 51.0%/31.3% | – | – | 52.4%/28.6% | 50.0%/33.3% | 0.98/0.17 |
| Gait disorder | 53.1%/32.3% | – | – | 76.2%/42.9% | 59.3%/24.1% | |
| Tremor | 41.7%/22.9% | – | – | 45.2%/19.0% | 38.9%/25.9% | |
| Dystonia | 29.2%/9.4% | – | – | 23.8%/9.5% | 33.3%/9.3% | |
| Myoclonus | 10.4%/4.1% | – | – | 4.8%/0.0% | 14.8%/7.4% | |
| Speech disturbance | 9.4%/0.0% | – | – | 11.9%/0.0% | 7.4%/0.0% | - |
| Convergence spasm | 5.1%/0.0% | – | – | 8.2%/0.0% | 2.9%/0.0% | - |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Comorbidity Index | ||||||
| 0 | 17.7% | 44.7% | 0.0008* | 9.5% | 24.1% | 0.33 |
| 1 | 35.4% | 35.5% | 42.9% | 29.6% | ||
| 2 | 33.3% | 15.8% | 35.7% | 31.5% | ||
| 3 | 7.3% | 4.0% | 7.1% | 7.4% | ||
| >3 | 6.3% | 0.0% | 4.8% | 7.4% | ||
| Mean score (SD) | 1.50 (1.1) | 0.79 (0.9) | 0.000009* | 1.55 (0.9) | 1.48 (1.3) | 0.56 |
| Migraine | 35.4% | 15.8% | 0.0039* | 45.2% | 28.8% | 0.08 |
| Depression | 56.3% | 11.8% | P<0.00001* | 61.9% | 51.9% | 0.32 |
| Modified Comorbidity Index | ||||||
| 0 | 61.5% | 60.5% | 0.82 | 69.1% | 55.5% | 0.48 |
| 1 | 25.0% | 27.6% | 19.0% | 29.6% | ||
| 2 | 9.4% | 10.5% | 9.5% | 9.3% | ||
| 3 | 3.1% | 1.4% | 2.4% | 3.7% | ||
| >3 | 1.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.9% | ||
| Mean score (SD) | 0.57 (0.9) | 0.53 (0.7) | 0.93 | 0.45 (0.8) | 0.67 (0.9) | 0.27 |
| Neurological Comorbidity Index | ||||||
| 0 | 87.5% | 97.4% | 0.019 | 85.7% | 88.9% | 0.64 |
| 1 | 12.5% | 2.6% | 14.3% | 11.1% | ||
| Medication | ||||||
| Antidepressants | 50.0% | 6.7% | P<0.00001* | 54.8% | 46.3% | 0.41 |
| Medication suppressing RLS/PLM | 39.6% | 0.0% | P<0.00001* | 47.6% | 33.3% | 0.16 |
| Betablockers | 13.5% | 5.3% | 0.07 | 9.5% | 16.7% | 0.31 |
All intergroup comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative parameters and χ2 for qualitative ones, p values stand for nominal uncorrected results.
*Significant results after correcting for three comparisons among demographics and for seven comparisons among comorbidities and medication (p<0.05).
FMD, functional movement disorder; PLM, periodic limb movements; RLS, restless legs syndrome.