Cluster-adjusted sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of multimorbidity measures
| Multimorbidity measure | Sample | Outcome | Sensitivity (%, 95% CI) | Specificity (%, 95% CI) | PPV (%, 95% CI) | NPV (%, 95% CI) |
| Patients with ≥10 prescribed medication classes | All patients (n=726) | Death | 28.0% (18.7% to 39.8%) | 89.0% (86.0% to 91.5%) | 17.1% (9.9% to 28.5%) | 94.1% (91.1% to 96.2%) |
| Patients who completed follow-up questionnaire (n=673) | Decline in health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) (n=636) | 10.5% (7.6% to 14.4%) | 90.9% (86.2% to 94.1%) | 36.9% (24.4% to 51.5%) | 68.3% (65.1% to 71.3%) | |
| Decline in physical functioning (VES-13) | 8.9% (5.5% to 14.3%) | 88.8% (85.2% to 91.6%) | 10.1% (5.4% to 18.0%) | 87.7% (84.6% to 90.2%) | ||
| Decline in physical functioning (VES-13) (n=673) | 16.3% (10.4% to 24.5%) | 89.9% (86.2% to 92.7%) | 21.1% (13.0% to 32.4%) | 87.3% (85.1% to 89.2%) | ||
| Patients with ≥3 chronic diseases | All patients (n=726) | Death | 41.6% (33.9% to 49.7%) | 70.3% (63.5% to 76.3%) | 10.5% (6.6% to 16.1%) | 94.0% (91.8% to 95.6%) |
| Patients completing follow-up questionnaire (n=673) | Decline in health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) (n=636) | 28.5% (22.1% to 35.9%) | 71.9% (64.8% to 78.1%) | 32.0% (28.8% to 35.3%) | 67.9% (64.4% to 71.2%) | |
| Decline in physical functioning (VES-13) | 35.3% (22.9% to 50.0%) | 71.1% (64.6% to 76.9%) | 12.7% (9.9% to 16.2%) | 88.8% (84.4% to 92.0%) | ||
| Decline in physical functioning (VES-13) (n=673) | 42.8% (31.7% to 54.6%) | 72.3% (66.0% to 77.9%) | 19.9% (14.8% to 26.1%) | 88.4% (85.6% to 90.7%) |
EQ5D, Euro-Qual 5 Dimensions; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; VES-13, Vulnerable Elders Survey.