Risk factors for PDM in all admissions/unspecified infectious admission studies
| Article | Risk factor category | Mortality risk factor on admission | Estimate type | Estimate (95% CI) | Adjusted |
| Veirum et al 8 | Age | Age at discharge>5 years (ref: age 1–12 months) | RR | 0.15 (0.07 to 0.30) | Yes |
| Age at discharge 4 years (ref: age 1–12 months) | RR | 0.23 (0.10 to 0.59) | Yes | ||
| Age at discharge 3 years (ref: age 1–12 months) | RR | 0.14 (0.06 to 0.35) | Yes | ||
| Age at discharge 2 years (ref: age 1–12 months) | RR | 0.52 (0.33 to 0.81) | Yes | ||
| Age at discharge 1 year (ref: age 1–12 months) | RR | 0.82 (0.59 to 1.13) | Yes | ||
| Neonatal (ref: age 1–12 months) | RR | 0.69 (0.31 to 1.55) | Yes | ||
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: other—includes chronic diseases which cannot be treated in Bissau (ref: malaria) | RR | 1.65 (1.08 to 2.55) | Yes | |
| Anaemia (ref: malaria) | RR | 1.97 (1.07 to 3.63) | Yes | ||
| Diarrhoea (ref: malaria) | RR | 1.82 (1.21 to 2.74) | Yes | ||
| Bronchopneumonia (ref: malaria) | RR | 0.98 (0.65 to 1.51) | Yes | ||
| Measles (ref: malaria) | RR | 0.77 (0.36 to 1.64) | Yes | ||
| Hospital stay | Leaving against medical advice | RR | 8.51 (5.32 to 13.59) | Yes | |
| Maternal influence | Mother educated (ref: no maternal education) | RR | 0.74 (0.55 to 0.99) | Yes | |
| Moisi et al 9 | Age | Age 1–5 months | HR | 1.34 (0.93 to 1.92) | Yes |
| Age 6–11 months | HR | 0.82 (0.57 to 1.18) | Yes | ||
| Age 2–5 years | HR | 0.57 (0.36 to 0.90) | Yes | ||
| Sick young infant | HR | 2.67 (1.98 to 3.58) | Yes | ||
| Diagnosis | Parasitaemia | HR | 0.45 (0.29 to 0.71) | Yes | |
| Bacteraemia | HR | 1.77 (1.15 to 2.74) | Yes | ||
| Mild pneumonia | HR | 2.30 (1.00 to 5.28) | Yes | ||
| Severe pneumonia | HR | 1.37 (1.05 to 1.79) | Yes | ||
| Very severe pneumonia | HR | 4.09 (2.25 to 7.46) | Yes | ||
| Severe malnutrition | HR | 4.37 (2.73 to 7.01) | Yes | ||
| Meningitis | HR | 2.29 (1.57 to 3.32) | Yes | ||
| Growth parameters | WAZ < −3 | HR | 3.42 (2.50 to 4.68) | Yes | |
| WAZ < −4 | HR | 6.53 (4.85 to 8.80) | Yes | ||
| Hospital stay | Hospitalisation>13 days | HR | 1.83 (1.33 to 2.52) | Yes | |
| One prior discharge (occurring within 1 year of index discharge) | HR | 2.83 (2.04 to 3.92) | Yes | ||
| Two prior discharges | HR | 7.06 (4.09 to 12.21) | Yes | ||
| ≥3 prior discharges | HR | 23.55 (10.70 to 51.84) | Yes | ||
| Symptoms | Hypoxia | HR | 2.30 (1.64 to 3.23) | Yes | |
| Jaundice | HR | 1.77 (1.08 to 2.91) | Yes | ||
| Hepatomegaly | HR | 2.34 (1.60 to 3.24) | Yes | ||
| Wiens et al 10 2015 | Age | Age (months) | OR | 0.97 (0.97 to 0.97) | No |
| Comorbid conditions | HIV positive | OR | 5.21 (2.55 to 10.65) | No | |
| Growth parameters | MUAC (mm) | OR | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98) | No | |
| Weight-for-age z-score | OR | 0.66 (0.57 to 0.76) | No | ||
| Weight for length/height z-score | OR | 0.81 (0.72 to 0.91) | No | ||
| Length/height-for-age z-score | OR | 0.79 (0.70 to 0.89) | No | ||
| Hospital stay | Illness>7 days prior to admission | OR | 0.50 (0.30 to 0.83) | No | |
| Time since last hospitalisation (ordered as <7 days, 7–30 days, 30 days to 1 year, >1 year and never (analysed as continuous and coded as 1–5, respectively) | OR | 0.75 (0.62 to 0.90) | No | ||
| Labs/Assessments | Haemoglobin (g/dL) | OR | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.03) | No | |
| Blantyre coma scale<5 (ref: 5) | OR | 2.40 (1.27 to 4.57) | No | ||
| Positive blood smear | OR | 0.33 (0.16 to 0.68) | No | ||
| Maternal influence | Maternal age (years) | OR | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.04) | No | |
| Maternal HIV positive (ref: HIV negative) | OR | 1.79 (0.87 to 3.67) | No | ||
| Maternal HIV status unknown (ref: HIV negative) | OR | 1.27 (0.64 to 2.52) | No | ||
| Maternal education primary 3–7 (ref: maternal education<P3) | OR | 1.18 (0.62 to 2.23) | No | ||
| Maternal education some secondary (ref: maternal education<P3) | OR | 0.72 (0.31 to 1.70) | No | ||
| Maternal education postsecondary (ref: maternal education<P3) | OR | 1.18 (0.41 to 3.36) | No | ||
| Sex | Male | OR | 0.90 (0.54 to 1.51) | No | |
| Social determinants of health | Bed net use—sometimes (ref: never) | OR | 1.00 (0.48 to 2.09) | No | |
| Bed net use—always (ref: never) | OR | 0.85 (0.46 to 1.58) | No | ||
| Siblings death | OR | 1.54 (0.89 to 2.65) | No | ||
| Number of children in the family | OR | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.13) | No | ||
| Boil all drinking water | OR | 0.82 (0.47 to 1.42) | No | ||
| Distance from hospital 30–60 min (ref: distance<30 min) | OR | 0.71 (0.31 1.64) | No | ||
| Distance from hospital>60 min (ref: distance<30 min) | OR | 1.30 (0.70 to 2.41) | No | ||
| Vital signs | HR for age z-score | OR | 0.86 (0.74 to 0.99) | No | |
| HR (raw) | OR | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | No | ||
| RR for age z-score | OR | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.06) | No | ||
| RR (raw) | OR | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.03) | No | ||
| SBP z-score | OR | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.12) | No | ||
| SBP (raw) | OR | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | No | ||
| DBP (raw) | OR | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | No | ||
| Temperature (transformed) | OR | 1.02 (0.90 to 1.16) | No | ||
| Temperature (raw) | OR | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.93) | No | ||
| SpO2 (raw) | OR | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.96) | No | ||
| SpO2 (transformed) | OR | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.05) | No |
Bolded values are statistically significant.
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PDM, postdischarge mortality; RR, relative risk; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WAZ, weight for age z-score.