Risk factors for PDM in malnutrition studies
| Article | Risk factor category | Mortality risk factor on admission | Estimate type | Estimate (95% CI) | Adjusted |
| Hennart et al 14 | No data | ||||
| Kerac et al 12 | Age | Age>60 m (ref: age 48–60 m) | HR | 1.22 (0.63 to 2.36) | Yes |
| Age 36–48 m (ref: age 48–60 m) | HR | 1.66 (0.84 to 3.29) | Yes | ||
| Age 24–36 m (ref: age 48–60 m) | HR | 1.38 (0.76 to 2.49) | Yes | ||
| Age 12–24 m (ref: age 48–60 m) | HR | 1.57 (0.89 to 2.78) | Yes | ||
| Age<12 m (ref: age 48–60 m) | HR | 2.49 (1.38 to 4.51) | Yes | ||
| Comorbid conditions | HIV positive (ref: HIV negative) | HR | 4.03 (3.08 to 5.25) | Yes | |
| HIV unknown status (ref: HIV negative) | HR | 16.90 (12.10 to 23.70) | Yes | ||
| Growth parameters | Oedema | HR | 0.58 (0.47 to 0.72) | Yes | |
| MUAC per cm unit increase | HR | 0.80 (0.74 to 0.86) | Yes | ||
| Weight-for-height: per 1 unit z-score increase | HR | 0.75 (0.68 to 0.83) | Yes | ||
| Weight-for-age: per 1 unit z-score increase | HR | 0.73 (0.66 to 0.81) | Yes | ||
| Height-for-age: per 1 unit z-score increase | HR | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.99) | Yes | ||
| Sex | Male | HR | 0.89 (0.73 to 1.08) | Yes | |
| Chisti et al 13 | Age | Age<12 m | OR | 2.05 (0.90 to 4.90) | No |
| Comorbid conditions | Confirmed TB | OR | 1.74 (0.40 to 6.90) | No | |
| Clinical TB—not confirmed | OR | 0.15 (0.01 to 1.10) | No | ||
| History of previous pneumonia prior to present episode | OR | 3.4 (1.1 to 10.2) | No | ||
| Growth parameters | Severe wasting* (z-score <−4 weight-for-height/length) | OR | 3.4 (1.5 to 7.8) | No | |
| Severe underweight* (z-score <−5 weight-for-age) | OR | 3.05 (1.4 to 6.8) | No | ||
| Severe wasting (z-score <−4 weight-for-height/length) | OR | 2.74 (1.2 to 6.2) | No | ||
| Severe underweight (z-score <−5 weight-for-age) | OR | 2.82 (1.2 to 6.7) | No | ||
| Nutritional oedema | OR | 2.34 (0.5 to 9.6) | No | ||
| Hospital stay | Left against medical advice* | OR | 4.16 (1.5 to 11.3) | No | |
| Sex | Male | OR | 0.68 (0.3 to 1.5) | No | |
| Social determinants of health | Live outside Dhaka district | OR | 1.69 (0.7 to 4) | No | |
| Poor socioeconomic condition−income<US$125 per month | OR | 0.73 (0.3 to 2) | No | ||
| Symptoms | Lower chest wall in-drawing | OR | 0.86 (0.4 to 1.9) | No | |
| Hypoxaemia (arterial oxygen saturation<90% in room air) | OR | 1.23 (0.3 to 4.7) | No | ||
| Berkley et al 15 | Intervention | Cotrimoxazole vs placebo | HR | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.16) | No |
| Grenov et al 32 | No data | ||||
Bolded values are statistically significant.
*Risk factor for mortality assessed on discharge.
m, month; PDM, postdischarge mortality; TB, tuberculosis.