Clinical outcomes in patients with PVL following SAVR versus TAVR based on Kaplan-Meier estimates at specific time points
| SAVR (n=214), % | TAVR (n=374), % | Log-rank p values | |
| Overall mortality | |||
| At 1 year | 6.8 | 17.4 | <0.0001 |
| At 3 years | 16.4 | 41.3 | |
| At 5 years | 26.7 | 69.7 | |
| Endocarditis | |||
| At 1 year | 2.4 | 0.9 | 0.69 |
| At 3 years | 3.1 | 3.4 | |
| At 5 years | 5.8 | 3.4 | |
| PVL-related haemolysis | |||
| At 1 year | 2.4 | 3.8 | 0.19 |
| At 3 years | 6.2 | 7.9 | |
| At 5 years | 7.8 | 14.4 | |
| Rehospitalisation from heart failure | |||
| At 1 year | 4.7 | 9.3 | 0.02 |
| At 3 years | 9.8 | 14.6 | |
| At 5 years | 9.8 | 20.2 | |
| Aortic valve reintervention | |||
| At 1 year | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.93 |
| At 3 years | 3.8 | 3.0 | |
| At 5 years | 4.8 | 9.1 |
PVL, paravalvular leak; SAVR, surgical aortic valve replacement; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement.