Drug | Active component | Percentage of DU90% (95% CI) | Asthma vs no asthma | |
Pharmacological subgroup | asthma | no asthma | P values | |
IPCI | ||||
Tetracyclines | Doxycycline | 7.0% (6.6–7.4) | 6.6% (6.5–6.7) | 0.0092 |
Minocycline | N/A | 3.6% (3.5–3.7) | N/A | |
Penicillins | Amoxicillin | 37.5% (37.0–38.4) | 34.5% (34.3–34.8) | <0.0001 |
Pheneticillin | 5.2% (4.9–5.5) | 7.7% (7.6–7.8) | <0.0001 | |
Flucloxacillin | 5.0% (4.6–5.3) | 6.3% (6.2–6.4) | <0.0001 | |
Amoxicillin with enzyme inhibitor | 12.6% (12.1–13.1) | 14.2% (14.0–14.4) | <0.0001 | |
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim | Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim | 3.8% (3.6–4.1) | N/A | N/A |
Macroliden, lincosamides and streptogramins | Clarithromycin | 8.1% (7.7–8.5) | 5.6% (5.5–5.7) | <0.0001 |
Azithromycin | 13.8% (13.4–14.4) | 10.1% (10.0–10.3) | <0.0001 | |
Other antibacterials | Nitrofurantoin | 6.9% (6.5–7.2) | 11.5% (11.3–11.6) | <0.0001 |
THIN | ||||
Tetracyclines | lymecycline | 4.1% (4.0- 4.1) | 4.8% (4.8- 4.9) | <0.0001 |
oxytetracycline | 3.2% (3.1- 3.2) | 3.5% (3.5- 3.5) | <0.0001 | |
Penicillins | amoxicillin | 38.8% (38.7- 39) | 33.7% (33.8-33.9) | <0.0001 |
phenoxymethylpenicillin | 13.9% (13.7- 14.0) | 18.4% (18.3-18.4) | <0.0001 | |
flucloxacillin | 12.2% (12.1- 12.3) | 14.0% (14.0-14.0) | <0.0001 | |
amoxicillin with enzyme enhibitor | 4.3% (4.3- 4.4) | 4.4% (4.4- 4.5) | 0.0178 | |
Other b-lactam antibacterials | Cefalexin | 3.2% (3.1–3.2) | 3.1% (3.1–3.1) | <0.0001 |
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim | Trimethoprim | 5.2% (5.1–5.3) | 7.0% (7.0–7.0) | <0.0001 |
Macroliden, lincosamides and streptogramins | erythromycin | 12.1% (12.0- 12.2) | 11.0% (11.0-11.1) | <0.0001 |
clarithromycin | 3.2% (3.1- 3.2) | N/A | N/A |
DU90%, drug utilisation 90%; IPCI, Integrated Primary Care Information database; N/A, not part of DU90%; THIN, The Health Improvement Network.