Respondents self-perceived level of knowledge of seven publication ethics topics
| Topic | Number completing each question | Perceived knowledge n (%)* | Kendall’s Tau correlation | ||||||||
| None | Some | Substantial | PP | AO | SP | HA | CI | IM | P | ||
| Prior publication (PP) | 3360 | 489 (14.6) | 1886 (56.1) | 985 (29.3) | – | ||||||
| Author omission (AO) | 3363 | 1265 (37.6) | 1380 (41.0) | 718 (21.3) | 0.36 | – | |||||
| Self-plagiarism (SP) | 3362 | 227 (6.8) | 1409 (41.9) | 1726 (51.3) | 0.49 | 0.31 | – | ||||
| Honorary authorship (HA) | 3361 | 283 (8.4) | 2014 (59.9) | 1064 (31.7) | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.40 | – | |||
| Conflicts of interest (CI) | 3361 | 77 (2.3) | 1251 (37.2) | 2033 (60.5) | 0.33 | 0.21 | 0.40 | 0.40 | – | ||
| Image manipulation (IM) | 3362 | 125 (3.7) | 1456 (43.3) | 1781 (53.0) | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.46 | – | |
| Plagiarism (P) | 3364 | 512 (15.2) | 1268 (37.7) | 1584 (47.1) | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.50 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.45 | – |
All correlations p<0.0001.
*Reported as a proportion of the number who completed each item.