Table 2

Questionnaire sections, respondents and purpose of each section

Questionnaire sectionRespondent (aged ≥18 years)PurposeTopics covered and source of questions
Household questionnaireHousehold head/most knowledgeable about household

  • To estimate sociodemographic characteristics, number of injuries per household, household migration patterns and social capital.

  • To compare measures of wealth/poverty/slum/non-slum household.

  • To identify those injured in last 6 months for individual injury questionnaire.

  • Sociodemographic characteristics of household members: age, gender, education level, caste/religion/ethnicity, occupation.1

  • Household members with a disability79 and all those injured in the last 6 months.25

  • Household assets.1

  • Slum/non-slum household definition.80

  • Progress out of poverty index questions.42

  • Consumption.43

  • Income (tailor made—building on qualitative findings).

  • Migration.81

  • Social capital.80

Individual questionnaireRandomly selected from all household members using the Kish method82 83

  • To estimate the prevalence of depression (Kathmandu only).

  • To assess the acceptability of PHQ9 and somatic questions.

  • To assess level of agreement between PHQ9 scores and somatic symptoms.

  • To explore associations between mobile phone ownership, migration and social capital.

  • PHQ9 (Patient Health Questionnaire 9).48–50 84–86

  • Somatic symptoms of mental ill-health (developed by national mental health experts in each country).

  • Affect questions from Washington Group Extended Set (Hanoi and Dhaka only).79

  • Migration.81

  • Social capital.80

Individual questionnaireAll those injured in the last 6 months and those died in last 1 year

  • To estimate the prevalence of injuries (Kathmandu only).

  • To assess the acceptability of a short set of injury questions.

  • Cause, nature and impact of injury, including injury-related death.25 62

Sample area observation formTwo members of the research team, independently, after completion of household survey in a cluster

  • To compare a simple subjective categorisation of ‘slumness’ with a list of key slum characteristics.

  • To assess the level of agreement between the two researchers.

  • Simple ‘slumness’ categorisation of the sampling area: (i) non-slum, (ii) slum, (iii) mixed, (iv) distinct slum and non-slum.

  • Characteristics of slums: 17 questions on social and environmental risks, eg, built on undesirable land due to slope, flood zone, crime.

  • Lack of facilities/infrastructure eg, absence of services, eg, health, education, clean fuels and technologies, transportation.

  • Unplanned and disorganised settlement eg, nature of roads and buildings.

  • Contamination, eg, extent of garbage/waste, open defecation and air, land and water pollution.80