Table 1

Relationship between demographic characteristics and QOL (n=732)

Variable	Participants, n (%)	EQ-5D index score	F/t
Age†
60–69	289 (39.5)	0.95±0.10	8.149**
70–79	345 (47.1)	0.92±0.12
≥80	98 (13.4)	0.90±0.15
Gender‡
Male	357 (48.8)	0.93±0.12	0.301
Female	375 (51.2)	0.93±0.12
Residence‡
Rural	241 (32.9)	0.92±0.12	–2.333*
Urban	491 (67.1)	0.94±0.12
Living arrangement‡
Empty nester	341 (46.6)	0.92±0.13	2.221*
Non-empty nester	391 (53.4)	0.94±0.11
Marital status†
Single	18 (2.4)	0.97±0.10	2.304
Married	688 (94.0)	0.93±0.12
Divorced/widowed	26 (3.6)	0.89±0.14
Monthly income†
<2000	367 (50.1)	0.90±0.14	21.722**
2000–3000	194 (26.5)	0.95±0.08
>3000	171 (23.4)	0.97±0.09
Education†
Primary school or below	323 (44.1)	0.92±0.13	3.236*
Junior high school	294 (40.2)	0.95±0.10
Senior high school	89 (12.2)	0.94±0.11
College and above	26 (3.5)	0.92±0.12

*p<0.05; **p<0.01.
†t-test.
‡ F-test.
QOL, quality of life.