Table 4

Harms, non-beneficial interventions and clinical ‘problems’ (as judged using the Structured Judgement Review Method18) in 289 patients during their last hospital admission prior to death

		Harms			Non-beneficial interventions			Clinical problems
		TELP+DNACPR	DNACPR only	Neither TELP nor DNACPR	TELP+DNACPR	DNACPR only	Neither TELP nor DNACPR	TELP+DNACPR	DNACPR only	Neither TELP nor DNACPR
All patients (n=289)	Patients (n)	155	113	21	155	113	21	155	113	21
	Events (n)	48	97	17	77	111	15	120	179	29
	Rate per 100 admissions	31.0	85.8†	81.0†	49.7	98.2*	71.4*	77.4	158.4*	138.2*
	Rate per 1000 bed days	16.7	68.8*	147.8*	26.7	78.8*	130.4*	41.6	127.0*	252.2*
Patients with ‘expected’ deaths (as per GSF) (n=247)	Patients (n)	141	93	13	141	93	13	141	93	13
	Events (n)	46	91	17	74	109	15	114	173	29
	Rate per 100 admissions	32.6	97.8*	130.8*	52.5	117.2*	115.4*	80.9	186.0*	223.1*
	Rate per 1000 bed days	17.1	76.9*	197.8*	27.4	92.1*	172.4*	42.3	146.2*	333.3*

The group with both a TELP and a DNACPR are regarded as the control group. Where the rate of events per 100 admissions is >100, then this implies more than one event per admission.
*P<0.001; †P0.002.
DNACPR, do-not-attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation; GSF, Gold Standard Framework; TELP, treatment escalation/limitation plan.