Independent contribution of confounding factors in the multivariate analyses of biomedical indices
| Smoking | Age | BMI | |||
| Prevalence* | Incidence† | Prevalence* | Incidence† | Prevalence* | |
| OR (95% CI)‡ | OR (95% CI)‡ | OR (95%Cis)‡ | OR (95% CI)‡ | OR (95% CI)‡ | |
| Cough #1 (7A)§ | 1.68 (1.12 to 2.51) | ||||
| Cough #2 (7B)§ | 1.62 (1.03 to 2.54) | ||||
| Chronic cough (7E)§ | 3.34 (1.49 to 7.48) | 1.63 (1.08 to 2.45) | |||
| Phlegm #1 (8A)§ | 2.38 (1.63 to 3.47) | ||||
| Phlegm #2 (8B)§ | 2.62 (1.60 to 4.29) | 1.38 (1.05 to 1.82) | |||
| Chronic phlegm (8C)§ | 3.69 (1.85 to 7.35) | 1.80 (1.10 to 2.96) | 1.53 (1.08 to 2.16) | ||
| Breathlessness #1 (13A)§ | 1.59 (1.17 to 2.16) | ||||
| Breathlessness #2†(13B)§ | 2.64 (1.36 to 5.12) | ||||
| Breathlessness #3†(13C)§ | 5.62 (1.51 to 20.85) | ||||
| CRP abnormality | 1.32 (1.17 to 1.49) | ||||
| SPD abnormality | 4.10 (1.15 to 14.58) | ||||
| Reduced FVC | 3.13 (1.09 to 8.97) | ||||
| Reduced FEV1 | 3.82 (1.38 to 10.58) | ||||
| Reduced FEV1/FVC | 3.92 (1.20 to 12.87) | 2.11 (1.27 to 3.52) | |||
| Non-specific X-ray | 1.59 (1.06 to 2.38) | ||||
| Findings | |||||
Values are presented as the OR (95% CI) estimated using the logistic regression models shown in tables 3 and 4. Only statistically significant results are shown.
*An analysis of the prevalence at baseline.
†An analysis of the new incidence during the follow-up observation.
‡OR and its 95% CI of the exposed group to the control group, regarding the prevalence and incidence of biomedical indices.
§The ATS-DLD-78A questionnaire code is shown in the parentheses.
#Grade of the severity of the symptom.
ATS, American Thoracic Society; CRP, C reactive protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; SPD, surfactant protein D.