Table 5

Generalised estimating equation of panel data

	Model 1 (crude)		Model 2 (adjusted by CAPB)		Model 3 interactions (time period*CAPB)
	Coef.	P values	Coef.	P values	Coef.	P values
Child poverty
Time period
2008–2010	0.51	NS	0.51	NS	0.75	NS
2012–2015	1.29	0.01	1.29	<0.001	0.69	NS
CAPB			3.60	<0.001	3.46	<0.001
Interaction terms
CAPB*2008–2010					−0.27	NS
CAPB*2012–2015					0.69	0.06
Constant	14.6	<0.001	11.44	<0.001	11.57	<0.001
Material deprivation
Independent variables
Time period
2008–2010	0.86	NS	0.86	NS	0.01	NS
2012–2015	5.86	<0.001	5.86	<0.001	0.92	NS
CAPB			2.37	NS	0.17	NS
Interaction terms
CAPB*2008–2010					0.96	NS
CAPB*2012–2015					5.62	<0.001
Constant	15.23	<0.001	13.15	<0.001	15.08	<0.001
Preschool investment
Independent variables
Time period
2008–2010	0.1	<0.001	0.1	<0.001	0.1	0.006
2012–2013	0.18	<0.001	0.18	<0.001	0.18	<0.001
CAPB			−0.19	NS	−0.19	NS
Interaction terms
CAPB*2008–2010					0.008	NS
CAPB*2012–2013					−0.01	NS
Constant	0.72	<0.001	0.85	<0.001	0.85	<0.001

SDCH (child poverty 2005–2015, material deprivation 2005–2015, and pre-school investment 2005–2013).
Reference category: years 2005–2007.
CAPB, cyclically adjusted primary balance; SDCH, social determinants of child health.