Comparison of baseline characteristics between included and excluded (refused to participate or were lost to the 14-day follow-up) patients
| Baseline characteristics | Included (n=627) | Excluded (n=310) |
| Mean age (±SD) | 51.0 (15.9) | 50.0 (17.8) |
| Female (%) | 47.8 | 49 |
| ED arrival mode (%) | ||
| By himself | 78.6 | 79.9 |
| By ambulance | 21.3 | 20.1 |
| High (level 1 or 2) triage priority (%) | 42.6 | 45.3 |
| Mean pain intensity (0–10 scale) at triage (±SD) | 7.8 (2.0) | 8.0 (1.7) |
| ED treatment section (%) | ||
| Ambulatory | 64.6 | 64.1 |
| On stretcher | 35.4 | 35.9 |
| Type of pain conditions (%) | ||
| Musculoskeletal pain | 44 | 40.3 |
| Fracture | 19.1 | 19.7 |
| Renal colic | 17 | 17.7 |
| Abdominal pain | 6 | 5.2 |
| Other | 13.9 | 17.1 |
| Received a Tylenol prescription at ED discharged (%) | 71.6 | 70.3 |
| Received an NSAIDs prescription at ED discharged (%) | 45.8 | 47.4 |
| Opioid prescription type (%) | ||
| Morphine | 43.6 | 42.7 |
| Oxycodone | 40.5 | 36.9 |
| Hydromorphone | 15.9 | 20.4 |
| Median (IQR) morphine 5 mg equivalent tablets prescription | 30 (28) | 30 (25) |
| Median (IQR) ED stay (hours) | 5.3 (3.6–7.7) | 5.2 (3.7–7.9) |
| Mean (±SD) pain intensity (0–10 scale) at ED discharge | 4.8 (2.9) | 4.7 (2.9) |
ED, emergency department; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.