Incidence and risk factors for cholelithiasis
| Variable | Event | Person-years | Rate† | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR‡ (95% CI) |
| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | |||||
| No | 66 | 29 508 | 2.24 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 28 | 7489 | 3.74 | 1.67 (1.41 to 1.99)*** | 1.91 (1.58 to 2.33)*** |
| Age, year | |||||
| ≤34 | 13 | 13 649 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 35–49 | 31 | 14 158 | 2.19 | 2.30 (1.79 to 2.95)*** | 2.14 (1.67 to 2.75)*** |
| 50+ | 50 | 9190 | 5.44 | 5.71 (4.51 to 7.23)*** | 4.33 (3.33 to 5.64)*** |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 83 | 33 763 | 2.46 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 11 | 3234 | 3.40 | 1.38 (1.08 to 1.72)* | 1.07 (0.84 to 1. 37) |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Hyperlipidaemia | |||||
| No | 62 | 30 792 | 2.01 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 32 | 6205 | 5.16 | 2.56 (2.17 to 3.03)*** | 1.39 (1.15 to 1. 68)*** |
| Diabetes | |||||
| No | 81 | 34 947 | 2.32 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 13 | 2050 | 6.34 | 2.74 (2.17 to 3.44)*** | 1.55 (1.22 to 1.97)*** |
| Liver cirrhosis | |||||
| No | 93 | 36 889 | 2.52 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1 | 110 | 9.07 | 3.60 (1.66 to 7.82)** | 2.27 (1.07 to 4.85)*** |
| Alcohol-related illness | |||||
| No | 92 | 36 423 | 2.53 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2 | 574 | 3.49 | 1.38 (0.79 to 2.40) | – |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 68 | 30 822 | 2.21 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 26 | 6175 | 4.21 | 1.91 (1.60 to 2.28)*** | 0.68 (0.55 to 1.00) |
| COPD | |||||
| No | 85 | 34 669 | 2.45 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 9 | 2328 | 3.87 | 1.58 (1.20 to 2.07)*** | 0.92 (0.70 to 1.20) |
| Obesity | |||||
| No | 92 | 36 011 | 2.55 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2 | 986 | 2.03 | 0.79 (0.46 to 1.38) | – |
| Stroke | |||||
| No | 93 | 36 784 | 2.53 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1 | 213 | 4.69 | 1.86 (0.85 to 4.03) | – |
| CAD | |||||
| No | 69 | 33 530 | 2.06 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 25 | 3468 | 7.21 | 3.50 (2.93 to 4.19)*** | 2.04 (1.67 to 2.50)*** |
| Hepatitis B virus | |||||
| No | 90 | 35 843 | 2.51 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 4 | 1154 | 3.47 | 1.38 (0.93 to 2.05) | – |
| Hepatitis C virus | |||||
| No | 92 | 36 509 | 2.52 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2 | 488 | 4.10 | 1.63 (0.94 to 2.82) | – |
| IBD | |||||
| No | 92 | 36 785 | 2.50 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2 | 211 | 9.47 | 3.79 (2.18 to 6.57)*** | 3.21 (1.87 to 5.52)*** |
| Hyperthyroidism | |||||
| No | 87 | 34 335 | 2.53 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 7 | 2662 | 2.63 | 1.94 (1.60 to 2.36)*** | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06) |
| Hypothyroidism | |||||
| No | 88 | 35 359 | 2.49 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 6 | 1638 | 3.66 | 1.47 (1.06 to 2.04)* | 0.76 (0.54 to 1.07) |
Crude HR, relative HR.
*P<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
†Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years.
‡Adjusted HR: multivariable analysis including age, sex, and comorbidities of hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, COPD, CAD, IBD, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease.