Table 1

Demographic characteristics and comorbidities of patients with diabetes mellitus, stratified by whether or not patients received pioglitazone (n=15 812)

Variable	Pioglitazone users (n=7906)		Non-users (n=7906)		P values
Variable	Total no.	Column %	Total no.	Column %	P values
Sex					>0.999
Male	3696	46.8	3696	46.8
Female	4210	53.3	4210	53.3
Age (years)					>0.999
40–49	1156	14.6	1156	14.6
50–59	2543	32.2	2543	32.2
60–69	2324	29.4	2324	29.4
70–79	1528	19.3	1528	19.3
≥80	355	4.5	355	4.5
Geographical region					0.001
Northern	3599	45.5	3446	43.6
Central	1770	22.4	1939	24.5
Southern	2270	28.7	2303	29.1
Eastern	267	3.4	218	2.8
Urbanisation level					<0.001
1 (most urbanised)	2360	29.9	2134	27.0
2	2296	29.0	2253	28.5
3	1144	14.5	1202	15.2
4	1069	13.5	1207	15.3
5 (least urbanised)	1037	13.1	1110	14.0
Monthly income					0.063
$NT0–$NT15 840	3580	45.28	3637	46
$NT15 841–$NT25 000	2864	36.23	2920	36.93
≥$NT25 001	1462	18.49	1349	17.06
Comorbidities
Hypertension	4609	58.3	3862	48.9	<0.001
Hyperlipidaemia	3431	43.4	2174	27.5	<0.001
Depressive disorder	516	6.5	595	7.5	0.014
Insomnia	2264	28.6	2416	30.6	0.008
Stroke	1425	18.0	1428	18.1	0.951
Head injury	335	4.2	344	4.4	0.724
Medication use
Aspirin	4125	52.2	2444	30.9	<0.001
Statins	4130	52.2	1121	14.2	<0.001
Angiotensin receptor blockers	3357	42.5	1214	15.4	<0.001

The average exchange rate in 2015 was US$1.00=$NT30.
NT, New Taiwan.