Variable | IF (n, %†) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI): complete cases | AOR (95% CI): multiple imputations | |
No | Yes | ||||
Age (years) | |||||
15 to ≤25 | 488 (15.4) | 74 (9.5) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
25 to ≤50 | 2560 (80.9) | 674 (87) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.3)* | 1.5 (1.2 to 2.4)* | 1.8 (1.7 to 2.1)* |
50+ | 116 (3.7) | 27 (3.5) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.9) | 2.3 (1.9 to 2.7)* |
Sex | |||||
Male | 1488 (47) | 274 (35.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Female | 1676 (53) | 501 (64.6) | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.9)* | 1.8 (1.3 to 1.9)* | 1.7 (1.6 to 1.8)* |
Marital status | |||||
Never married | 632 (23.3) | 152 (21.7) | 1 | 1 | |
Married | 1316 (48.5) | 357 (51.1) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | 1.04 (0.0 to 1.1) | |
Separated/divorced/ widowed | 766 (28.2) | 190 (27.2) | 1.03 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.9 (0.7 to 2.1) | |
Educational status | |||||
No education | 559 (20.5) | 145 (20.8) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Primary | 1089 (39.9) | 287 (41.1) | 1.01 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.9) | 1.03 (0.9 to 1.1) |
Secondary and above | 1084 (39.7) | 266 (38.1) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.2) | 0.7 (0.4 to 3.7) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) |
Religion | |||||
Muslim | 871 (32) | 239 (34.5) | 1 | 1 | |
Christian‡ | 1849 (68) | 453 (65.5) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.06) | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.9) | |
Baseline WHO status | |||||
Stage 1 or 2 | 842 (45.1) | 216 (46.6) | 1 | 1 | |
Stage 3 or 4 | 1027 (54.9) | 248 (53.4) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.2) | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.9) | |
Baseline CD4 | |||||
≥200 cells/μL | 2558 (80.8) | 350 (45.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
<200 cells/μL | 606 (19.2) | 425 (54.8) | 5.1 (4.3 to 6.06)* | 5.5 (4.1 to 7.4)* | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.01) |
Clinical failure | |||||
No | 1493 (81.3) | 352 (80.5) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 343 (18.7) | 85 (19.5) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 2.8 (0.7 to 4.9) |
HIV care presentation | |||||
Early | 682 (36.5) | 99 (21.3) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Late | 1187 (63.5) | 365 (78.7) | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.7)* | 2.2 (1.6 to 2.7)* | 1.1 (1.01 to 1.2)* |
Hx of TB/HIV coinfection | |||||
No | 2229 (70.4) | 536 (69.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 935 (29.6) | 239 (30.8) | 1.06 (0.9 to 1.3) | 1.8 (0.7 to 4.9) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.2)* |
ART adherence | |||||
Good | 2595 (82) | 648 (83.6) | 1 | 1 | |
Fair or poor | 569 (18) | 127 (16.4) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.9) | |
Cotrimoxazole adherence | |||||
Good | 2632 (83.5) | 639 (82.5) | 1 | ||
Fair or poor | 521 (16.5) | 136 (17.5) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.2) | ||
Baseline functional status | |||||
Working or ambulatory | 1992 (68.1) | 549 (74.7) | 1 | 1 | |
Bedridden | 933 (31.9) | 186 (25.3) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9)* | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.02) | |
Hx of HIV testing | |||||
Yes | 1793 (56.7) | 468 (60.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
No | 1371 (43.3) | 307 (39.6) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)* | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9)* |
ART shift | |||||
No | 2086 (98.9) | 500 (99.2) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 24 (1.1) | 4 (0.8) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.01) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.03) |
*Statistically significant at p≤0.05.
†Only valid percentage is considered.
‡Orthodox, protestant or catholic.
AOR, adjusted OR; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CD4, cluster for differentiation 4; COR, crude OR; IF, immunological failure; TB, tuberculosis.