Observed and expected* prevalence of risk factors of waist, WHR and general obesity by social class at birth†
| Number of risk factors‡ | Total | Manual | Non-manual | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observed (%) | Expected (%) | O/E | Observed (%) | Expected (%) | O/E | Observed (%) | Expected (%) | O/E | |
| Waist and general obesity | |||||||||
| Men | |||||||||
| 0 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 1.0 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 1.0 | 28.1 | 28.2 | 1.0 |
| 1 | 45.0 | 44.8 | 1.0 | 44.3 | 43.5 | 1.0 | 46.8 | 46.5 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 28.3 | 28.6 | 1.0 | 31.1 | 31.2 | 1.0 | 21.6 | 22.1 | 1.0 |
| 3 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 1.0 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 1.1 |
| Women | |||||||||
| 0 | 20.6 | 20.2 | 1.0 | 17.1 | 17.2 | 1.0 | 29.5 | 28.9 | 1.0 |
| 1 | 43.7 | 44.3 | 1.0 | 43.5 | 43.2 | 1.0 | 44.3 | 45.5 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 29.4 | 29.4 | 1.0 | 31.9 | 32.1 | 1.0 | 22.8 | 22.2 | 1.0 |
| 3 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 1.0 |
| WHR obesity | |||||||||
| Men | |||||||||
| 0 | 14.3 | 13.1 | 1.1 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 1.1 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 1.0 |
| 1 | 35.3 | 35.9 | 1.0 | 32.9 | 33.1 | 1.0 | 40.9 | 41.2 | 1.0 |
| 2 | 33.0 | 34.6 | 1.0 | 34.9 | 36.3 | 1.0 | 28.7 | 29.2 | 1.0 |
| 3 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 1.0 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 1.0 |
| 4 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.7 |
| Women | |||||||||
| 0 | 8.6 | 6.1 | 1.4 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 1.4 | 13.3 | 10.7 | 1.2 |
| 1 | 23.0 | 23.3 | 1.0 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 1.0 | 28.3 | 30.5 | 0.9 |
| 2 | 31.7 | 34.6 | 0.9 | 31.2 | 34.0 | 0.9 | 33.1 | 34.0 | 1.0 |
| 3 | 23.2 | 25.2 | 0.9 | 25.4 | 27.5 | 0.9 | 17.7 | 18.8 | 0.9 |
| 4+ | 13.5 | 11.0 | 1.2 | 15.8 | 13.5 | 1.2 | 7.6 | 6.1 | 1.3 |
*Expected prevalence under the assumption that risk factors occur independently of each other.
†Social class at birth grouped as non-manual (professional, managerial and other non-manual) and manual (skilled, semi and unskilled).
‡Risk factors are: parental overweight, maternal smoking in pregnancy and adult inactivity (waist and general obesity); parental overweight, maternal smoking in pregnancy, adult inactivity, low fibre consumption (men, WHR obesity); parental overweight, maternal smoking in pregnancy, adult inactivity, low fibre consumption, smoking and heavy drinking (women, WHR obesity).
M, men; W, women; WHR, waist–hip ratio.