Data are presented as ORs (95% CIs), p value of reduction of remaining teeth of the respondents (n=51 280)
| Sex and age adjusted analysis OR (95% CI), p value | Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI), p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (ref woman) | ||||
| Man | 0.78 (0.71 to 0.85) | <0.001 | ||
| Age (ref 65–69 years) | ||||
| 70–74 | 1.26 (1.16 to 1.37) | <0.001 | ||
| 75–79 | 1.54 (1.40 to 1.68) | <0.001 | ||
| 80–84 | 1.97 (1.73 to 2.25) | <0.001 | ||
| 85+ | 2.23 (1.85 to 2.69) | <0.001 | ||
| Education (ref ≥13 years) | ||||
| <6 | 1.67 (1.29 to 2.16) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.10 to 1.85) | 0.008 |
| 6–9 | 1.31 (1.19 to 1.44) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.06 to 1.29) | 0.002 |
| 10–12 | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.15) | 0.412 | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.11) | 0.887 |
| Annual household income (ref≥$40 000) | ||||
| <$10 000 | 1.42 (1.23 to 1.64) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.12 to 1.50) | <0.001 |
| $10 000–$19 999 | 1.14 (1.01 to 1.29) | 0.039 | 1.10 (0.97 to 1.24) | 0.14 |
| $20 000–$29 999 | 1.05 (0.93 to 1.20) | 0.426 | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.19) | 0.514 |
| $30 000–$39 999 | 1.01 (0.87 to 1.16) | 0.936 | 1.01 (0.88 to 1.16) | 0.908 |
| Living area (ref rural area) | ||||
| Urban area | 0.63 (0.57 to 0.70) | <0.001 | 0.69 (0.57 to 0.82) | <0.001 |
| Suburban area | 0.82 (0.76 to 0.90) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.95) | 0.001 |
| Community-level social capital | ||||
| Civic participation | 0.84 (0.80 to 0.89) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.99) | 0.017 |
| Social cohesion | 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20) | <0.001 | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.12) | 0.135 |
| Reciprocity or support | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.11) | 0.28 | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.05) | 0.550 |
| Density of dental office | ||||
| Density of dental office per 10 000 people | 0.87 (0.84 to 0.91) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.08) | 0.876 |
| Individual-level social capital | ||||
| Hobby activity | 0.81 (0.76 to 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.95) | 0.002 |
| Sports group | 0.82 (0.76 to 0.90) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99) | 0.027 |
| Volunteer group | 0.98 (0.88 to 1.10) | 0.722 | 1.08 (0.96 to 1.21) | 0.194 |
| Community trust | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.05) | 0.58 | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.08) | 0.760 |
| Community reciprocity | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.10) | 0.377 | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.15) | 0.152 |
| Community attachment | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.05) | 0.354 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.06) | 0.404 |
| Receive emotional support | 0.82 (0.72 to 0.94) | 0.004 | 0.89 (0.75 to 1.05) | 0.179 |
| Provide emotional support | 0.81 (0.72 to 0.92) | 0.001 | 0.89 (0.76 to 1.04) | 0.132 |
| Receive instrumental support | 1.04 (0.89 to 1.22) | 0.626 | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.34) | 0.151 |
| Number of teeth in 2010 (ref ≥20 teeth) | ||||
| 10–19 | 1.14 (1.06 to 1.23) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.14) | 0.142 |
| 1–9 | 0.61 (0.56 to 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.52 (0.48 to 0.57) | <0.001 |
| Smoking (ref non-smoking) | ||||
| Non-smoking now, quit before 5 years | 0.98 (0.89 to 1.08) | 0.665 | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) | 0.351 |
| Non-smoking now, quit within 4 years | 1.30 (1.12 to 1.51) | 0.001 | 1.39 (1.19 to 1.62) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 1.48 (1.32 to 1.66) | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.41 to 1.77) | <0.001 |
| Do you have hospital treatment? (ref no) | ||||
| Yes | 1.17 (1.08 to 1.26) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.07 to 1.25) | <0.001 |
| Random-effects parameters | ||||
| Community-level variance Ωμ (SE) | 0.0038 (0.0062) | |||