Population attributable fraction (PAF) of significant modifiable risk factors (mutually adjusted) for premature mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study
| Variable* | PAF (all) | PAF (women) | PAF (men) |
| Education | 0.13 (0.01–0.23) | 0.15 (0.03–0.26) | 0.11 (0.00–0.20) |
| Wealth score | 0.28 (0.20–0.35) | 0.28 (0.21–0.35) | 0.28 (0.20–0.34) |
| Tobacco/nass use | 0.11 (0.08–0.14) | 0.02 (0.02–0.03) | 0.17 (0.12–0.22) |
| Opium consumption | 0.14 (0.12–0.17) | 0.07 (0.06–0.09) | 0.19 (0.16–0.22) |
| Physical activity | 0.22 (0.17–0.28) | 0.18 (0.12–0.23) | 0.26 (0.20–0.31) |
| Vegetable and fruit consumption (g/day) | 0.08 (0.02–0.13) | 0.08 (0.03–0.14) | 0.07 (0.02–0.12) |
| High blood pressure | 0.19 (0.15–0.22) | 0.21 (0.17–0.24) | 0.17 (0.14–0.20) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.08 (0.07–0.10) | 0.11 (0.09–0.12) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) |
| All socioeconomic status† | 0.37 (0.28–0.45) | 0.39 (0.29–0.47) | 0.35 (0.26–0.43) |
| All individual risk factors‡ | 0.58 (0.53–0.62) | 0.51 (0.45–0.55) | 0.64 (0.59–0.68) |
| All | 0.73 (0.68–0.77) | 0.69 (0.64–0.74) | 0.76 (0.72–0.80) |
↵*Variable (reference category): education (middle school or higher), wealth score (fifth quintile), tobacco/nass use (never), opium consumption (never), physical activity (third tertile), vegetable and fruit consumption (third tertile), high blood pressure (no), diabetes mellitus (no).
↵†Education and wealth score.
‡Tobacco/nass use, opium consumption, physical activity, vegetable/fruit consumption, high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus.