Sleep characteristics according to the level of physical activity in the study participants (Croatia, 2017)
| Study variables | Total sample (n=2100) | ‘Sufficiently active’ (n=1626) | ‘Insufficiently active’ (n=474) | P values* |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Subjective sleep quality | ||||
| Very good | 687 (32.7) | 565 (34.7) | 122 (25.7) | |
| Fairly good | 1179 (56.1) | 903 (55.5) | 276 (58.2) | |
| Fairly bad | 204 (9.7) | 140 (8.6) | 64 (13.5) | |
| Very bad | 30 (1.4) | 18 (1.1) | 12 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Sleep latency (min) | ||||
| ≤15 | 292 (13.9) | 242 (14.9) | 50 (10.5) | |
| 16–30 | 868 (41.3) | 694 (42.7) | 174 (36.7) | |
| 31–60 | 769 (36.6) | 575 (35.2) | 197 (41.6) | |
| >60 | 171 (8.1) | 118 (7.3) | 53 (11.2) | <0.001 |
| Sleep duration (hours) | ||||
| >7 | 1615 (76.9) | 1281 (78.8) | 334 (70.5) | |
| 6–7 | 485 (23.1) | 345 (21.2) | 140 (29.5) | |
| 5–6 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| <5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Habitual sleep efficiency (%) | ||||
| >85 | 1716 (81.7) | 1350 (83.0) | 366 (77.2) | |
| 75–84 | 254 (12.1) | 192 (11.8) | 62 (13.1) | |
| 65–74 | 80 (3.8) | 53 (3.3) | 27 (5.7) | |
| <65 | 50 (2.4) | 31 (1.9) | 19 (4.0) | 0.002 |
| Sleep disturbances | ||||
| 0 | 193 (9.2) | 146 (9.0) | 47 (9.9) | |
| <1/week | 1717 (81.8) | 1355 (83.3) | 362 (76.4) | |
| 1–2/week | 182 (8.7) | 122 (7.5) | 60 (12.7) | |
| ≥3/week | 8 (0.4) | 3 (0.2) | 5 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Use of sleep medication | ||||
| 0 | 1959 (93.3) | 1539 (94.6) | 420 (88.6) | |
| <1/week | 97 (4.6) | 64 (3.9) | 33 (7.0) | |
| 1–2/week | 35 (1.7) | 20 (1.2) | 15 (3.2) | |
| ≥3/week | 9 (0.4) | 3 (0.2) | 6 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Daytime dysfunction | ||||
| Not a problem | 549 (26.1) | 439 (27.0) | 110 (23.2) | |
| Fairly a problem | 1089 (51.9) | 865 (53.2) | 224 (47.3) | |
| Problem | 406 (19.3) | 289 (17.8) | 117 (24.7) | |
| Very big problem | 56 (2.7) | 33 (2.0) | 23 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Sleep quality | ||||
| Good | 1310 (62.4) | 1065 (81.3) | 245 (18.7) | |
| Poor | 790 (37.6) | 561 (71.0) | 229 (29.0) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Men | 1041 (49.6) | 890 (54.7) | 151 (31.9) | |
| Women | 1059 (50.4) | 736 (45.3) | 323 (68.1) | <0.001 |
| Self-rated health | ||||
| Good | 1935 (92.1) | 1509 (92.8) | 426 (89.9) | |
| Poor | 165 (7.9) | 117 (7.2) | 48 (10.1) | 0.025 |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Normal | 1706 (81.2) | 1316 (81.9) | 390 (82.2) | |
| Overweight/obesity | 394 (18.8) | 310 (19.1) | 84 (17.7) | 0.510 |
| Life satisfaction | ||||
| Good | 1951 (92.9) | 1521 (93.5) | 430 (90.7) | |
| Poor | 149 (7.1) | 105 (6.5) | 44 (9.3) | 0.025 |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Below average | 52 (2.5) | 41 (2.5) | 11 (2.3) | |
| Average | 1743 (83.0) | 1333 (82.0) | 410 (86.5) | |
| Above average | 305 (14.5) | 252 (15.5) | 53 (11.2) | 0.007 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| No smoker | 1479 (70.4) | 1161 (71.4) | 318 (67.1) | |
| Past smoker | 115 (5.5) | 85 (5.2) | 30 (6.3) | |
| Current smoker | 506 (24.1) | 380 (23.4) | 126 (26.6) | 0.160 |
| Binge drinking | ||||
| No | 1530 (72.9) | 1202 (73.9) | 328 (69.2) | |
| Yes | 570 (27.1) | 424 (26.1) | 146 (30.8) | 0.330 |
| Chronic disease/s | ||||
| No | 1905 (90.7) | 1485 (91.3) | 420 (89.2) | |
| Yes | 195 (9.3) | 141 (8.7) | 54 (11.5) | 0.537 |
| Psychological distress | ||||
| Low | 1878 (89.4) | 1480 (91.0) | 398 (84.0) | |
| High | 222 (10.6) | 146 (9.0) | 76 (16.0) | <0.001 |
*Χ2 test.