Table 1

Demographic, disaster-related and psychosocial factors according to the categories of changes in smoking status among 58 754 men and women in the evacuation area

	Total		Non-smokers		Starters			Smokers		Quitters		P values
	n	%	n	%	n	%	P values	n	%	n	%	P values
Demographic characteristics
Sex	n=58 754		n=44 095		n=634			n=12 461		n=1564
Men	26 764	45.6	16 351	37.1	376	59.3	<0.0001	9040	72.5	997	63.7	<0.0001
Women	31 990	54.4	27 744	62.9	258	40.7	<0.0001	3421	27.5	567	36.3	<0.0001
Age group	n=58 754
20–49 years	21 479	36.6	13 571	30.8	382	60.3	<0.0001	6727	54.0	799	51.1	<0.0001
50–64 years	18 744	31.9	14 136	32.1	147	23.2		4012	32.2	449	28.7
≥65 years	18 531	31.5	16 388	37.2	105	16.6		1722	13.8	316	20.2
Educational attainment	n=57 076
Primary or middle school	13 383	23.4	10 680	25.0	102	16.8	<0.0001	2329	19.1	272	17.7	<0.0001
High school	28 331	49.6	20 190	47.2	331	54.5		6986	57.2	824	53.8
Vocational college or junior college	10 127	17.7	7849	18.4	116	19.1		1883	15.4	279	18.2
University or graduate school	5235	9.2	4014	9.4	58	9.6		1005	8.2	158	10.3
History of mental illness	n=57 137
Yes	3149	5.5	2332	5.4	60	9.9	<0.0001	662	5.5	95	6.2	<0.0001
Disaster-related factors
Living arrangement	n=47 099
Evacuation shelter	522	1.1	401	1.1	8	1.6	<0.0001	99	1.0	14	1.1	<0.0001
Temporary housing	5343	11.3	3989	11.3	61	12.6		1164	11.6	129	10.3
Rental house or apartment	19 330	41.0	13 654	38.7	270	55.7		4780	47.4	626	49.8
Relative’s home	2127	4.5	1731	4.9	21	4.3		325	3.2	50	4.0
Own home	17 576	37.3	13 862	39.3	101	20.8		3252	32.3	361	28.7
Others	2201	4.7	1644	4.7	24	4.9		457	4.5	76	6.1
Experienced living in evacuation shelters	n=58 754
Yes	15 865	27.0	11 887	27.0	198	31.2	<0.0001	3365	27.0	415	26.5	<0.0001
House damage	n=58 754
Yes	8706	14.8	6528	14.8	134	21.1	<0.0001	1812	14.5	232	14.8	<0.0001
Experience of disaster
Having experienced a tsunami	n=58 754
Yes	11 807	20.1	8559	19.4	176	27.8	<0.0001	2747	22.0	325	20.8	<0.0001
Psychosocial factors
Change jobs	n=58 754
Yes	2542	4.3	1599	3.6	56	8.8	<0.0001	798	6.4	89	5.7	<0.0001
Becoming unemployed	n=58 754
Yes	12 255	20.9	8643	19.6	172	27.1	<0.0001	3016	24.2	424	27.1	<0.0001
Decreased income	n=58 754
Yes	11 141	19.0	7548	17.1	145	22.9	<0.0001	3117	25.0	331	21.2	<0.0001
Presence of traumatic symptoms (PCL-S) ≥44	n=58 754
Yes	12 266	20.9	9247	21.0	210	33.1	<0.0001	2515	20.2	294	18.8	<0.0001
Presence of non-specific mental illness (K6) ≥13	n=58 754
Yes	8556	14.0	6337	14.4	157	24.8	<0.0001	1853	14.9	209	13.4	<0.0001

K6, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; PCL-S, Checklist-Stressor Specific Version.