Continued smoking | |||
N (%) | Univariate | Multivariate | |
OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | ||
Sociodemographics | |||
Age (years) | |||
40–64 | 4869 (81.0%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
65–80 | 1141 (19.0%) | 0.66*(0.59 to 0.74) | 0.71*(0.64 to 0.80) |
Income status | |||
High | 3208 (53.4%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Low | 2802 (46.6%) | 1.24*(1.13 to 1.36) | 1.30*(1.19 to 1.43) |
Disability | |||
No | 5966 (99.3%) | 1.00 | |
Yes | 44 (0.7%) | 0.64 (0.40 to 1.02) | |
Health status | |||
Diabetes duration (years) | |||
<1 | 2910 (48.4%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1–2 | 2421 (40.3%) | 0.86*(0.78 to 0.95) | 0.88*(0.80 to 0.98) |
≥3 | 679 (11.3%) | 0.63*(0.55 to 0.73) | 0.63*(0.55 to 0.73) |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||
<25 | 3416 (56.9%) | 1.00 | |
≥25 | 2592 (43.1%) | 1.04 (0.95 to 1.14) | |
Cholesterol level (mg/dL) | |||
<200 | 3001 (50.0%) | 1.00 | |
≥200 | 3003 (50.0%) | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.08) | |
Blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
<140/90 | 4814 (80.1%) | 1.00 | |
≥140/90 | 1196 (19.9%) | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.15) | |
Health behaviour | |||
Smoking (cigarettes/day) | |||
Light (1–9) | 953 (15.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Moderate (10–19) | 2901 (48.3%) | 1.61*(1.43 to 1.81) | 1.52*(1.35 to 1.72) |
Heavy (≥20) | 2156 (35.9%) | 2.07*(1.82 to 2.35) | 1.89*(1.66 to 2.16) |
Alcohol drinking | |||
Non-drinker | 1526 (25.4%) | 1.00 | |
Drinker | 4470 (74.6%) | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.21) | |
Physical activity | |||
Yes | 3493 (58.2%) | 1.00 | |
No | 2505 (41.8%) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.08) | |
History of disease | |||
CCI (%) | |||
0 | 3214 (53.5%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
≥1 | 2796 (46.5%) | 0.85*(0.77 to 0.93) | 0.88*(0.80 to 0.96) |
Heart disease | |||
No | 5896 (98.1%) | 1.00 | |
Yes | 114 (1.9%) | 0.96 (0.69 to 1.33) | |
Stroke | |||
No | 5973 (99.4%) | 1.00 | |
Yes | 37 (0.6%) | 0.76 (0.45 to 1.29) | |
Hypertension | |||
No | 4714 (78.4%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1296 (21.6%) | 1.16*(1.03 to 1.29) | 1.24*(1.10 to 1.40) |
Cancer | |||
No | 5927 (98.6%) | 1.00 | |
Yes | 83 (1.4%) | 0.97 (0.66 to 1.42) |
*P<0.05.
aOR, adjusted OR; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index.