Access to WASH among households with and without people with disabilities
| Bangladesh-1 | Bangladesh-2 | Cameroon | India | Malawi | |||||||||||
| No disability n=1121 | Disability n=86 | OR (95% CI) | No disability n=18 364 | Disability n=1284 | OR (95% CI) | No disability n=274 | Disability n=429 | OR (95% CI) | No disability n=337 | Disability n=508 | OR (95% CI) | No disability n=200 | Disability n=215 | OR (95% CI) | |
| Sanitation facility | |||||||||||||||
| Unimproved | 34.5% | 31.4% | Ref. | 17.4% | 20.3% | Ref. | 92.4% | 91.4% | Ref. | 23.4% | 23.3% | Ref. | 99.5% | 99.5% | Ref. |
| Improved | 65.5% | 68.6% | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.8) | 82.7% | 79.8% | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) | 7.6% | 8.6% | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 76.6% | 76.7% | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 0.5% | 0.5% | 1.1 (0.1 to 17.3) |
| Ownership | |||||||||||||||
| Used only by household | 82.2% | 81.4% | Ref. | 68.9% | 63.0% | Ref. | 86.0% | 87% | Ref. | 52.9% | 53.3% | Ref. | – | – | – |
| Shared ownership with other households | 8.7% | 10.5% | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.5) | 30.2% | 35.8% | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5)* | 14.0% | 13.0% | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 14.4% | 13.5% | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | – | – | |
| Public | 9.1% | 8.1% | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.0) | 0.1% | 0.1% | 2.6 (0.3 to 21.6) | 0 | 0.2% | – | 32.7% | 33.2% | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | – | – | |
| Do not know | – | – | – | 0.9% | 1.2% | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.4) | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | |
| Time to water source† | |||||||||||||||
| ≤30 minutes | – | – | – | 0% | 0% | – | 94.2% | 89.6% | Ref. | 96.6% | 92.1% | Ref. | 86.5% | 80.9% | Ref. |
| >30 minutes | – | – | – | 100% | 100% | – | 5.8% | 10.4% | 1.9 (1.1 to 3.5)* | 3.4% | 7.9% | 2.4 (1.2 to 4.8)* | 13.5% | 19.1% | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.6) |
| Water source | |||||||||||||||
| Unimproved | – | – | – | 0% | 0% | – | 39.2% | 37.3% | Ref. | 23.4% | 23.3% | Ref. | 12.5% | 11.6% | Ref. |
| Improved | – | – | – | 100% | 100% | – | 60.8% | 62.7% | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 76.6% | 76.7% | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 87.5% | 88.4% | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.0) |
| At least one episode of diarrhoea in the last 4 weeks‡ | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11.7% | 13.8% | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9) | 12.8% | 11.8% | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 21.5% | 17.2% | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) |
↵*Statistical significance at the 95% confidence level.
†Round-trip travel time.
‡Refers to any episode of diarrhoea in the household on a 7-day recall-period in Malawi; and any episode of diarrhoea experienced by the individual respondent on a 4-week recall-period in India and Cameroon.
WASH, water, sanitation and hygiene.