Independent effect of diabetes and CKD on all-cause and CVD-specific mortality
| Primary endpoint* All-cause mortality | Secondary endpoint† CVD-specific mortality | |||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| T2DM | 1.21 | 1.17 to 1.26 | 1.21 | 1.14 to 1.28 |
| CKD | 1.29 | 1.25 to 1.34 | 1.19 | 1.13 to 1.26 |
*Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, history of atrial fibrillation, COPD, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and stroke, baseline medication (ARB, beta-blockers and diuretics), and duration of T2DM prior to HF diagnosis.
†Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, history of atrial fibrillation, COPD, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and stroke, baseline medication (ARB, ACEi and diuretics), and duration of T2DM prior to HF diagnosis.
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HF, heart failure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.