Demographic characteristics of PREG study participants
| AA | EA | Response rate (AA | EA) | Significance | |
| Participants (%, N) | 50.3% (89) | 49.7% (88) | – | – |
| Gestational age at birth*† | 272.5 (10.5) | 277.6 (8.3) | 100% | 100% | <0.0001 |
| Age* | 27.0 (5.5) | 31.0 (3.4) | 100% | 100% | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index* | 29.1 (8.9) | 25.4 (5.2) | 99% | 100% | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker | 11.2% (10) | 1.1% (1) | 94% | 97% | <0.0001 |
| No health insurance before pregnancy | 20.2% (18) | 2.3% (2) | 100% | 100% | <0.0001 |
| First pregnancy | 21.3% (19) | 43.2% (38) | 97% | 97% | 0.002 |
| No prenatal vitamin‡ | 65.2% (58) | 10.2% (9) | 97% | 97% | <0.0001 |
| Relationship status | 100% | 97% | <0.0001 | ||
| Married/in a relationship | 66.3% (59) | 94.3% (83) | ||
| Single | 29.2% (26) | 0.0% (0) | ||
| Other§ | 1.8% (2) | 4.0% (5) | ||
| Did not answer | 5.3% (6) | 4.8% (6) | ||
| Employment¶ | 99% | 98% | <0.0001 | ||
| Full | 21.3% (19) | 67.0% (59) | ||
| Part | 28.1% (25) | 18.2% (16) | ||
| Student | 21.3% (19) | 5.7% (5) | ||
| Unemployed | 37.1% (33) | 8.0% (7) | ||
| Educational attainment | 100% | 98% | <0.0001 | ||
| Did not complete HS | 22.5% (20) | 1.1% (1) | ||
| Completed HS/GED | 34.8% (31) | 3.4% (3) | ||
| Some college | 28.1% (25) | 12.5% (11) | ||
| Completed college/professional degree | 12.4% (11) | 80.7% (71) | ||
| Household income | 99% | 98% | <0.0001 | ||
| <US$60 000 | 73.0% (65) | 56.8% (50) | ||
| >US$60 000 | 2.2% (2) | 39.8% (35) | ||
| Do not know/prefer not to answer | 23.6% (21) | 1.1% (1) |
Categorical tests were performed using two-sided Fisher’s exact tests and Student’s t-tests were applied to quantitative variables.
*Mean (SD).
†Measured in days.
‡Assessed in SEDH questionnaire given at first visit.
§Separated or never married.
¶Only unemployment status was tested for significance because many full-time and part-time employees were also students.
AA, African-American; EA, European-American; GED, General Equivalency Diploma; HS, Highschool; PREG, Pregnancy, Race, Environment, Genes; SEDH, social and environmental determinants of health.