ESPAD year | |||
2007 | 2011 | 2015 | |
Access to cigarettes* | |||
Difficult (%) | 12.0 | 16.2 | 28.1 |
Easy (%) | 41.7 | 41.9 | 42.4 |
Do not know (%) | 46.3 | 41.9 | 29.5 |
Risk of smoking cigarettes occasionally | |||
No/slight risk (%) | 39.6 | 43.0 | 41.6 |
Moderate/great risk (%) | 58.0 | 54.2 | 55.8 |
Do not know (%) | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.5 |
Perceived family relative wealth* | |||
Much better off (%) | 15.8 | 10.8 | 15.8 |
Better off (%) | 32.4 | 27.7 | 25.8 |
About the same (%) | 46.2 | 56.2 | 48.6 |
Less well off (%) | 5.5 | 5.3 | 9.8 |
Parents knowing where students spend Saturday nights* | |||
Know always (%) | 47.4 | 49.6 | 62.7 |
Know quite often (%) | 30.0 | 30.3 | 23.3 |
Know sometimes (%) | 15.4 | 14.9 | 8.9 |
Usually do not know (%) | 7.2 | 5.3 | 5.1 |
Relationship with mother* | |||
Satisfied (%) | 83.4 | 87.4 | 87.4 |
Neither nor (%) | 7.8 | 5.0 | 5.2 |
Not satisfied (%) | 8.8 | 7.5 | 7.3 |
One-parent family | |||
Two or more parents (%) | 87.0 | 86.1 | 86.0 |
One parent (%) | 13.0 | 13.9 | 14.0 |
Skipping school in the last 30 days* | |||
None (%) | 73.6 | 80.4 | 80.2 |
1–4 days (%) | 21.2 | 16.7 | 16.1 |
5 days+ (%) | 5.2 | 2.9 | 3.8 |
Peers smoking* | |||
None (%) | 12.4 | 11.9 | 33.5 |
A few/some (%) | 67.6 | 69.7 | 55.8 |
Most/all (%) | 20.0 | 18.4 | 10.6 |
*χ2 statistically significant at 0.05 level.