Pregnancy events and outcomes of Australian-born and non-Australian-born women
| Australian born, n=15 459 | Non-Australian born, n=18 083 | P values | |
| Smoking | 19.7% | 4.3% | <0.001 |
| Gestational hypertension | 2.6% | 1.8% | <0.001 |
| Gestational diabetes | 6.4% | 13.6% | <0.001 |
| Admitted for threatened premature labour | 3.6% | 2.8% | <0.002 |
| Maternal anaemia | 7.7% | 10.2% | <0.001 |
| Any antepartum haemorrhage | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.38 |
| Gestation at birth* | 39.2 (2.01) | 39.1 (1.98) | <0.001 |
| Gestation grouped | |||
| <28 weeks | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.12 |
| 29–32 weeks | 0.4% | 0.3% | |
| 32–36 weeks | 5.3% | 5.0% | |
| 37 weeks and greater | 93.7% | 94.0% | |
| Normal vaginal birth | 66.4% | 60.6% | <0.001 |
| Instrumental birth | 8.6% | 11.2% | <0.001 |
| Caesarean section | 25.0% | 28.2% | <0.001 |
| Syntocinon usage | 46.1% | 53.9% | <0.001 |
| Place of birth | |||
| Birth centre | 9.2% | 4.9% | <0.001 |
| Born before arrival | 0.8% | 0.6% | <0.001 |
| Operating theatre | 25.0% | 28.2% | <0.001 |
| Delivery ward | 65.0% | 66.3% | <0.001 |
| Amniotomy | 51.9% | 51.4% | 0.36 |
| Epidural usage† | 19.8% | 15.3% | <0.001 |
| Third-degree and fourth-degree tears† | 0.5% | 1.5% | <0.001 |
| Episiotomy† | 14.4% | 22.6% | <0.001 |
| Postpartum haemorrhage >1500 mL | 1.2% | 1.4% | 0.38 |
| Birth weight* | 3414 (588.22) | 3290 (563.49) | <0.001 |
| Admitted to special care nursery/neonatal intensive care unit | 7.5% | 8.6% | <0.001 |
| Stillbirth rate/1000 births | 5.2 | 8.2 | <0.001 |
| 5 min Apgar <7 | 1.6% | 1.6% | 0.56 |
| Fetal anomaly | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.38 |
*Median, IQR, Mann-Whitney U.
†As a % of vaginal births.