Home assessment and adaptation25 27 31 32 40 44 49 58 64 75 83–86

Better roads and sidewalk maintenance, especially in winter50

Education of caregivers and staff on risks and prevention measures23 33 48 49 75 86 87 even entire communities49

Education of caregivers and staff on dementia42

Improvement of building code and regulations32

Smartphone apps to report changes in the environment or surface conditions50

A public phone line to report falls and fall risks in the environment32

Multidisciplinary teams84 and multifactorial interventions (eg, Prevention of Falls in the Elderly Trial (PROFET)), Multifactorial Personalised Intervention (MPI))84 89

Elderly-friendly environment/public amenities26 34

Increased stop light and pedestrian crossing times, modified roadway markings26

Education of staff and caregivers regarding risks, monitoring and supervision61 75 90

Road safety campaigns34 90

Stricter law enforcement related to jay-walking26

Promoting alternatives to driving34 48 61 75 90

Comprehensive home safety evaluation and modifications25 63

Home fire safety visits targeting vulnerable populations64

Education for caregivers on dementia and on burn safety measures, including adequate assistance and supervision62

Nursing home policies limiting smoking to under supervision and in determined locations65

Smoking cessation programmes (social/emotional support, non-smoking related activities, pharmacological options)65

Frequent visits by staff or family members trained to identify problems associated with negligence67

Case management for high-risk population67

Education of informal and formal caregivers72

Strategies including neighbours, formal/informal caregivers and law enforcement72 75

Special programmes (eg, Safe Return) that help rapidly locate and return lost individuals72

Safety plans in formal care settings that prevent wandering72