Multivariable analysis for osteoporotic fracture in the derivation cohort. Data are adjusted HRs and 95% CIs
| Risk factor | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |||
| Model 1: standard risk factors only | Model 2: standard risk factors+BMD (categorical) | Model 3: standard risk factors+BMD (continuous) | ||
| Age (years) | 1.024 (1.013 to 1.036) | 1.019 (1.007 to 1.031) | 1.007 (0.995 to 1.019) | |
| Gender | Female | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 0.754 (0.544 to 1.044) | 0.796 (0.573 to 1.104) | 0.851 (0.613 to 1.181) | |
| BMI | 0.978 (0.954 to 1.002) | 0.989 (0.965 to 1.013) | 1.027 (1.000 to 1.055) | |
| Previous fracture | No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes (time=0 years) | 4.881 (3.336 to 7.078) | 4.667 (3.214 to 6.778) | 4.018 (2.763 to 5.842) | |
| Parental history of hip fracture | No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.079 (0.834 to 1.397) | 1.096 (0.847 to 1.419) | 1.105 (0.854 to 1.430) | |
| Current smoker | No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.121 (0.852 to 1.475) | 1.076 (0.817 to 1.417) | 1.019 (0.774 to 1.342) | |
| Alcohol consumption (>3 units/day) | No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.414 (0.904 to 2.212) | 1.440 (0.921 to 2.252) | 1.459 (0.932 to 2.283) | |
| Glucocorticoid use | No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.080 (0.753 to 1.550) | 1.052 (0.733 to 1.510) | 1.038 (0.724 to 1.489) | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.098 (0.731 to 1.650) | 1.089 (0.725 to 1.637) | 1.116 (0.742 to 1.678) | |
| Secondary osteoporosis | No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 0.993 (0.729 to 1.354) | 0.966 (0.708 to 1.317) | 0.911 (0.667 to 1.243) | |
| Osteoporotic | No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | – | 1.745 (1.279 to 2.381) | – | |
| Hip DEXA T-score (SD) | – | – | 0.600 (0.524 to 0.686) | |
| Previous fracture (TVC*) | 0.635 (0.489 to 0.826) | 0.639 (0.492 to 0.830) | 0.644 (0.495 to 0.837) | |
Data are adjusted HRS and 95% CIs.
*TVC, value is interaction effect and 95% CI.
BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; TVC, time-varying covariate.