Table 3

Associations of fruit and vegetable intake with obesity and abdominal obesity

Levels of fruit and vegetable intake, OR (95% CI)
LowMediumHighP for trend
Obesity
Total fruit and vegetable<4 servings/day≥4, <6 servings/day≥6 servings/day
  Case/n3714/10 3082732/83772472/7655
  Simple model*1.0 (reference)0.90 (0.84 to 0.95)0.88 (0.82 to 0.94)<0.001
  Multivariable model†1.0 (reference)0.95 (0.89 to 1.01)0.95 (0.89 to 1.02)0.150
Vegetable<2 servings/day≥2, <3 servings/day≥3 servings/day
 Case/n2451/68212654/79683813/11 551
  Simple model*1.0 (reference)0.92 (0.85 to 0.98)0.94 (0.88 to 1.00)0.090
  Multivariable model†1.0 (reference)0.97 (0.91 to 1.04)1.05 (0.98 to 1.12)0.106
  Additional adjustment for fruit and fruit or vegetable juice1.0 (reference)1.01 (0.93 to 1.08)1.11 (1.03 to 1.19)0.004
Fruit<1 servings/day≥1, <2 servings/day≥2 servings/day
  Case/n3226/89362870/86512822/8753
  Simple model*1.0 (reference)0.90 (0.84 to 0.95)0.86 (0.80 to 0.91)<0.001
  Multivariable model†1.0 (reference)0.92 (0.86 to 0.98)0.90 (0.84 to 0.96)0.003
  Additional adjustment for vegetable and fruit or vegetable juice1.0 (reference)0.91 (0.85 to 0.97)0.87 (0.81 to 0.93)<0.001
Fruit or vegetable juiceNoYesP values
  Case/n4524/12 8164394/13 524
  Simple model*1.0 (reference)0.88 (0.84 to 0.93)<0.001
  Multivariable model†1.0 (reference)0.90 (0.86 to 0.95)<0.001
  Additional adjustment for vegetable and fruit1.0 (reference)0.91 (0.86 to 0.96)<0.001
Abdominal obesity
Total fruit and vegetable<4 servings/day≥4, <6 servings/day≥6 servings/day
  Case/n5307/10 3084348/83773886/7655
  Simple model*1.0 (reference)0.88 (0.83 to 0.93)0.80 (0.76 to 0.86)<0.001
  Multivariable model†1.0 (reference)0.94 (0.88 to 1.00)0.88 (0.83 to 0.94)<0.001
Vegetable<2 servings/day≥2, <3 servings/day≥3 servings/day
  Case/n3390/68214138/79686013/11 551
  Simple model*1.0 (reference)0.93 (0.87 to 0.99)0.84 (0.79 to 0.89)<0.001
  Multivariable model†1.0 (reference)0.99 (0.92 to 1.06)0.94 (0.88 to 1.01)0.066
  Additional adjustment for fruit and fruit or vegetable juice1.0 (reference)1.01 (0.94 to 1.09)0.99 (0.92 to 1.06)0.603
Fruit<1 servings/day≥1, <2 servings/day≥2 servings/day
  Case/n4479/89364562/86514500/8753
  Simple model*1.0 (reference)0.93 (0.88 to 0.99)0.82 (0.77 to 0.88)<0.001
  Multivariable model†1.0 (reference)0.97 (0.91 to 1.03)0.88 (0.82 to 0.94)<0.001
  Additional adjustment for vegetable and fruit or vegetable juice1.0 (reference)0.97 (0.91 to 1.04)0.88 (0.82 to 0.94)<0.001
Fruit or vegetable juiceNoYesP values
  Case/n6972/12 8166569/13 524
  Simple model*1.0 (reference)0.90 (0.85 to 0.95)<0.001
  Multivariable model†1.0 (reference)0.93 (0.88 to 0.98)0.005
  Additional adjustment for vegetable and fruit1.0 (reference)0.93 (0.88 to 0.98)0.004

  • *Adjusted for age, sex and province.

  • †Adjusted for age, sex, province, ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and chronic disease.