Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 3 OR (95% CI) | Model 4 OR (95% CI) | |
Trajectory | – | – | – | – |
Lean stable | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
Lean increase | 1.12 (0.89 to 1.41) | 1.09 (0.86 to 1.36) | 1.06 (0.84 to 1.34) | 1.06 (0.81 to 1.37) |
Lean-marked increase | 1.46 (1.21 to 1.76) | 1.41 (1.16 to 1.69) | 1.39 (1.15 to 1.68) | 1.46 (1.18 to 1.81) |
Moderate stable | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.21) | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.21) | 1.03 (0.87 to 1.21) | 1.00 (0.83 to 1.21) |
Heavy stable | 1.30 (1.02 to 1.64) | 1.26 (0.99 to 1.59) | 1.25 (0.98 to 1.60) | 1.24 (0.94 to 1.62) |
Age (per 1-year increase) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.97) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.97) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.97) | 0.96 (0.95 to 0.98) |
Male sex | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11) | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.19) | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.22) | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.16) |
Depression | – | 2.27 (1.76 to 2.91) | 2.03 (1.55 to 2.63) | 2.15 (1.59 to 2.89) |
Sleep duration | – | – | – | – |
6–9 hours/night | – | – | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
<6 hours/night | – | – | 2.11 (1.77 to 2.50) | 2.11 (1.73 to 2.55) |
≥9 hours/night | – | – | 0.70 (0.48 to 0.98) | 0.54 (0.34 to 0.81) |
Alcohol consumption | – | – | – | – |
Never | – | – | – | 1 (ref) |
1–2 drinks a day | – | – | – | 0.98 (0.77 to 1.26) |
≥3 drinks a day | – | – | – | 1.25 (0.92 to 1.70) |
Education level | – | – | – | – |
No graduation | – | – | – | 1 (ref) |
No HSD | – | – | – | 0.76 (0.51 to 1.16) |
≥HSD | – | – | – | 0.93 (0.64 to 1.39) |
Baecke’s score | – | – | – | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) |
Living alone | – | – | – | 0.87 (0.73 to 1.04) |
Diabetes | – | – | – | 0.95 (0.63 to 1.39) |
Hypertension | – | – | – | 0.93 (0.79 to 1.09) |
Prevalent CVD | – | – | – | 1.63 (1.01 to 2.56) |
Use of sleep medication | – | – | – | 0.95 (0.65 to 1.32) |
Night working | – | – | – | 0.90 (0.46 to 1.63) |
Proxy for ethnicity, n (%) | – | – | – | |
Caucasian | – | – | – | 1 (ref) |
African | – | – | – | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.11) |
Non-Caucasian, non-African | – | – | – | 1.13 (0.75 to 1.65) |
Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex, model 2: model 1+depression, model 3: model 2+sleep duration, model 4: model 3+all covariates listed in the table.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; HSD, high school diploma; Ref, reference category.