characteristics of participants according to body silhouette trajectories
| Body silhouette trajectory | ||||||
| Lean stable n=2269 (31.9%) | Lean increase n=790 (11.1%) | Lean-marked increase n=1147 (16.1%) | Moderate stable n=2306 (32.5%) | Heavy stable n=594 (8.4%) | P values | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 1414 (62.3) | 570 (72.2) | 852 (74.3) | 1249 (54.2) | 281 (47.3) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean±SD | 59.6±6.03 | 60.5±6.35 | 59.3±6.24 | 59.6±6.25 | 58.9±5.99 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | – | – | – | – | – | <0.001 |
| Never | 229 (10.2) | 73 (9.4) | 125 (11.0) | 239 (10.5) | 65 (11.0) | – |
| 1–2 drinks a day | 1724 (76.8) | 586 (75.1) | 828 (72.5) | 1772 (77.5) | 477 (80.5) | – |
| ≥3 drinks a day | 292 (13.0) | 121 (15.5) | 188 (16.5) | 275 (12.0) | 50 (8.5) | – |
| Education level, n (%) | – | – | – | – | – | <0.001 |
| No graduation | 56 (2.5) | 30 (3.9) | 68 (6.0) | 66 (2.9) | 21 (3.6) | – |
| Under HSD | 469 (20.9) | 181 (23.2) | 307 (26.9) | 492 (21.5) | 160 (27.0) | – |
| ≥HSD | 1715 (76.6) | 569 (72.9) | 765 (67.1) | 1732 (75.6) | 411 (69.4) | – |
| Depression, n (%) | 79 (3.5) | 35 (4.4) | 59 (5.15) | 102 (4.4) | 48 (8.1) | <0.001 |
| Living alone, n (%) | 565 (25.0) | 179 (22.7) | 245 (21.4) | 584 (25.4) | 170 (28.7) | 0.007 |
| Baecke’s score, mean±SD | 6.32±1.45 | 6.21±1.43 | 6.19±1.44 | 6.29±1.43 | 6.28±1.54 | 0.13 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 39 (1.7) | 34 (4.3) | 74 (6.5) | 75 (3.3) | 22 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 655 (29.1) | 290 (37.1) | 458 (40.1) | 805 (35.2) | 218 (36.9) | <0.001 |
| EDS, n (%) | 336 (15.4) | 123 (16.4) | 231 (21.1) | 351 (15.7) | 113 (19.6) | 0.001 |
| Prevalent CVD, n (%) | 30 (1.3) | 20 (2.5) | 29 (2.5) | 50 (2.2) | 10 (1.7) | 0.07 |
| BMI, mean±SD | 23.7±2.99 | 24.1±3.13 | 26.8±3.51 | 25.3+3.50 | 27.9±4.49 | <0.001 |
| Birth weight, n (%) | – | – | – | – | – | <0.001 |
| <2.5 kg | 104 (5.4) | 58 (9.3) | 64 (6.8) | 79 (4.0) | 21 (4.2) | – |
| 2.5–4 kg | 1683 (86.8) | 524 (84.0) | 791 (84.3) | 1688 (85.8) | 401 (80.0) | – |
| >4 kg | 151 (7.8) | 42 (6.7) | 83 (8.9) | 201 (10.2) | 79 (15.8) | – |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean±SD | 83.4±10.8 | 85.7±10.3 | 91.7±11.0 | 85.9±11.8 | 90.6±13.8 | <0.001 |
| Sleep-related medications, n (%) | 79 (4.1) | 32 (4.8) | 53 (5.3) | 90 (4.5) | 26 (4.8) | 0.67 |
| Night working, n (%) | 33 (1.5) | 16 (2.0) | 21 (1.8) | 29 (1.3) | 8 (1.4) | 0.50 |
| Sleep duration (hours), n (%) | – | – | – | – | – | 0.097 |
| 6–9 hours/night | 1913 (87.6) | 639 (85.5) | 921 (83.4) | 1911 (86.8) | 476 (85.3) | – |
| <6 hours/night | 244 (11.2) | 97 (13.0) | 167 (15.1) | 262 (11.9) | 77 (13.8) | – |
| ≥9 hours/night | 28 (1.3) | 11 (1.5) | 16 (1.5) | 28 (1.3) | 5 (0.9) | – |
| Loud snoring, n (%) | 667 (31.4) | 237 (32.3) | 469 (42.8) | 686 (32.0) | 223 (40.0) | <0.001 |
| Proxy for SDB, n (%) | 648 (30.5) | 229 (31.2) | 452 (41.3) | 652 (30.4) | 210 (37.7) | <0.001 |
| Proxy for ethnicity, n (%) | – | – | – | – | – | <0.001 |
| Caucasian | 1966 (88.2) | 641 (83.2) | 922 (81.3) | 1989 (87.5) | 509 (87.4) | – |
| African | 195 (8.7) | 99 (12.9) | 176 (15.5) | 221 (9.7) | 57 (9.8) | – |
| Non-Caucasian, non-African | 69 (3.1) | 30 (3.9) | 36 (3.2) | 64 (2.8) | 16 (2.8) | – |
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; EDS, excessive daytime sleepiness; HSD, high school diploma; SDB, sleep-disordered breathing.