Moderator: neighbourhood environmental attribute | Any versus no depressive symptoms (n=909) | Number of non-zero depressive symptoms (n=335) | ||||
P level | RoS values of environmental moderator | OR (95% CI)* | P level | RoS values of environmental moderator | e b (95% CI)* | |
Connectivity (EA) | – | – | – | 0.05 | ≤23.1 points | 0.738 (0.545 to 1.000) |
– | – | – | 0.05 | ≥49.8 points | 1.194 (1.000 to 1.424) | |
Civic and institutional density – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 0.01 | ≤56.3 destinations/km2 | 1.682 (1.132 to 2.497) | – | – | – |
0.05 | ≤69.8 destinations/km2 | 1.467 (1.001 to 2.150) | – | – | – | |
Retail density – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 0.01 | ≤25.8 destinations/km2 | 1.686 (1.134 to 2.507) | – | – | – |
0.05 | ≤32.9 destinations/km2 | 1.466 (1.001 to 2.148) | – | – | – | |
Food-related destination density – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 0.01 | ≤25.4 destinations/km2 | 1.683 (1.132 to 2.500) | – | – | – |
0.05 | ≤32.3 destinations/km2 | 1.466 (1.001 to 2.147) | – | – | – | |
Prevalence of eating outlets (EA) | 0.01 | ≤7.8 outlets/buffer | 1.705 (1.137 to 2.555) | – | – | – |
0.05 | ≤13.7 outlets/buffer | 1.466 (1.002 to 2.146) | – | – | – | |
Public transport density – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 0.01 | ≤9.7 transit points/km2 | 1.679 (1.135 to 2.485) | 0.05 | ≤5.5 transit points/km2 | 1.163 (1.000 to 1.353) |
0.05 | ≤12.5 transit points/km2 | 1.467 (1.000 to 2.150) | 0.05 | ≥28.9 transit points/km2 | 0.756 (0.572 to 1.000) | |
0.05 | ≥59.7 transit points/km2 | 0.149 (0.022 to 1.000) | – | – | – | |
Prevalence of health clinics/services (EA) | 0.001 | ≤0.4 destination/buffer | 2.209 (1.378 to 3.542) | – | – | – |
0.01 | ≤2.8 destinations/buffer | 1.666 (1.131 to 2.455) | – | – | – | |
0.05 | ≤3.8 destinations/buffer | 1.481 (1.012 to 2.169) | – | – | – | |
0.05 | ≥18.8 destinations/buffer | 0.254 (0.065 to 0.999) | – | – | – | |
Crowdedness (EA) | 0.001 | ≤3.7 points | 2.088 (1.347 to 3.237) | – | – | – |
0.01 | ≤7.7 points | 1.670 (1.132 to 2.463) | – | – | – | |
0.05 | ≤10.0 points | 1.468 (1.001 to 2.154) | – | – | – | |
0.05 | ≥35.1 points | 0.361 (0.130 to 1.000) | – | – | – | |
Presence of people (EA) | 0.001 | ≤49.8 points | 2.158 (1.365 to 3.412) | – | – | – |
0.01 | ≤60.9 points | 1.671 (1.132 to 2.468) | – | – | – | |
0.05 | ≤66.6 points | 1.466 (1.000 to 2.147) | – | – | – | |
Pollution (EA) | 0.001 | ≤21.4 points | 2.089 (1.347 to 3.239) | – | – | – |
0.01 | ≤35.6 points | 1.669 (1.132 to 2.463) | – | – | – | |
0.05 | ≤43.7 points | 1.469 (1.002 to 2.155) | – | – | – |
Note: only significant (P<0.05) interaction terms between living arrangement and specific neighbourhood environmental attributes are shown.
e b is interpreted as the proportional increase (if >1) or decrease (if <1) in depressive symptoms associated with a 1-unit increase in the environmental attribute. All estimates adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, household with car, marital status, housing type, area-level socioeconomic status, type of recruitment centre and number of current diagnosed health problems.
*OR or eb estimate at region-of-significance threshold values of environmental attribute.
–, the interaction effect of living arrangements with a specific environmental attribute was not statistically significant and, thus, was not probed; EA, environmental audits; eb , antilogarithm of regression coefficient; GIS, Geographic Information Systems; living with others as reference group; p level, significance level; RoS, regions of significance.