Sample characteristics (n=909)
| Variables | Statistics | |
| Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | |
| Sociodemographic and health-related characteristics (theoretical range) | ||
| Age (years) | 76.5 (6.0) | 76.6 (8.8) |
| Number of current diagnosed health problems (0–10) | 3.2 (2.0) | 3.0 (3.0) |
| % | ||
| Sex, females | 66.3 | |
| Educational attainment | ||
| No formal education | 20.8 | |
| Primary school | 35.5 | |
| Secondary school | 30.5 | |
| Postsecondary school | 13.2 | |
| Marital status | ||
| Married or cohabiting | 59.5 | |
| Widowed | 32.7 | |
| Other | 7.8 | |
| Housing | ||
| Public and aided | 43.1 | |
| Private (purchased) | 51.3 | |
| Renting | 5.6 | |
| Living alone | 23.1 | |
| Household with car | 28.5 | |
| Neighbourhood type | ||
| Low walkable, low SES | 22.0 | |
| Low walkable, high SES | 24.8 | |
| High walkable, low SES | 28.3 | |
| High walkable, high SES | 25.0 | |
| Outcomes: depressive symptoms (theoretical range) | ||
| Number of depressive symptoms (total score on GDS-4) (0–4) | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.0 (1.0) |
| Number of non-zero depressive symptoms1–4 | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.0 (1.0) |
| % | ||
| No depressive symptoms | 63.2 | |
| Environmental attributes (theoretical range) | ||
| Gross residential density (households/km2) – 400 m buffer (GIS) | 15 813.2 (11196.4) | 12 286.4 (13759.1) |
| Gross residential density (households/km2) – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 14 295.1 (8443.9) | 12 935.2 (11373.1) |
| Street intersection density (intersections/km2) – 400 m buffer (GIS) | 119.9 (58.0) | 112.5 (73.3) |
| Street intersection density (intersections/km2) – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 91.5 (40.0) | 86.7 (55.6) |
| Connectivity (score) (EA) (0–100) | 40.6 (7.4) | 38.9 (10.4) |
| Civic and institutional density (destinations/km2) – 400 m buffer (GIS) | 88.2 (53.8) | 81.6 (69.8) |
| Civic and institutional density (destinations/km2) – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 69.7 (36.5) | 64.2 (44.7) |
| Retail density (destinations/km2) – 400 m buffer (GIS) | 45.4 (37.2) | 43.3 (57.5) |
| Retail density (destinations/km2) – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 32.0 (19.0) | 30.2 (27.1) |
| Prevalence of non-food retail and services (number in buffer) (EA) | 15.9 (16.5) | 11.0 (19.0) |
| Entertainment density (destinations/km2) – 400 m buffer (GIS) | 11.8 (16.9) | 7.3 (16.1) |
| Entertainment density (destinations/km2) – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 6.9 (5.2) | 6.2 (6.2) |
| Recreation density (destinations/km2) – 400 m buffer (GIS) | 21.2 (23.2) | 17.5 (30.5) |
| Recreation density (destinations/km2) – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 22.5 (15.2) | 20.1 (13.6) |
| Recreational destination diversity (number of types in buffer) (EA) (0–6) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.0 (2.0) |
| Food-related destination density (destinations/km2) – 400 m buffer (GIS) | 44.8 (37.7) | 42.7 (59.8) |
| Food-related destination density (destinations/km2) – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 31.5 (18.7) | 29.8 (27.3) |
| Prevalence of food-related shops (number in buffer) (EA) | 10.2 (8.6) | 9.0 (13.0) |
| Prevalence of eating outlets (number in buffer) (EA) | 13.6 (13.1) | 9.0 (18.0) |
| Public transport density (transit points/km2) – 400 m buffer (GIS) | 14.1 (16.8) | 9.1 (20.9) |
| Public transport density (transit points/km2) – 800 m buffer (GIS) | 11.6 (8.5) | 10.3 (11.9) |
| Prevalence of public transport stops (number in buffer) (EA) | 8.1 (4.7) | 7.0 (5.0) |
| Number of parks – 400 m (GIS) | 1.2 (1.5) | 1.0 (2.0) |
| Number of parks – 800 m (GIS) | 4.4 (4.0) | 3.0 (6.0) |
| Prevalence of health clinics/services (number in buffer) (EA) | 3.9 (4.2) | 3.0 (4.0) |
| Pedestrian infrastructure (score) (EA) (0–100) | 62.7 (9.4) | 62.5 (12.5) |
| Sitting facilities (score) (EA) (0–100) | 20.5 (20.1) | 17.0 (31.0) |
| Crowdedness (score) (EA) (0–100) | 9.8 (8.8) | 7.7 (12.5) |
| Presence of people (score) (EA) (0–100) | 64.5 (21.6) | 69.2 (19.2) |
| Traffic safety (score) (EA) (0–100) | 69.9 (15.0) | 73.3 (18.7) |
| Greenery/natural sights (score) (EA) (0–100) | 36.9 (16.7) | 45.5 (25.6) |
| Signs of crime/disorder (score) (EA) (0–100) | 0.3 (0.9) | 0.0 (0.0) |
| Stray dogs/animals (score) (EA) (0–100) | 5.9 (9.9) | 0.0 (9.0) |
| Litter/decay (score) (EA) (0–100) | 22.9 (4.1) | 21.4 (4.4) |
| Pollution (score) (EA) (0–100) | 42.3 (33.2) | 40.0 (61.2) |
| Number of street segments audited (in buffer) (EA) | 21.4 (17.5) | 16.0 (13.0) |
EA, environmental audits; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; GIS, geographic information systems; SES, socioeconomic status.