Multivariable logistic regression model of risk factors associated with asthma exacerbation according to asthma severity
| Variable | Level 1 (n=17 533) | Level 2 (n=4364) | Level 3 (n=233) | ||||||
| Adjusted OR | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Age group | |||||||||
| 20–44 | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |||
| 45–64 | 1.691 | 1.562 to 1.830 | <0.0001 | 1.583 | 1.356 to 1.848 | <0.0001 | 1.994 | 0.884 to 4.497 | 0.0961 |
| ≥65 | 1.890 | 1.733 to 2.062 | <0.0001 | 1.905 | 1.594 to 2.277 | <0.0001 | 1.852 | 0.817 to 4.200 | 0.1400 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 1.122 | 1.048 to 1.201 | 0.0010 | 1.156 | 1.011 to 1.323 | 0.0346 | 1.054 | 0.538 to 2.065 | 0.8780 |
| Comorbidities (presence) | |||||||||
| GERD | 1.278 | 1.193 to 1.369 | <0.0001 | 1.227 | 1.068 to 1.411 | 0.0039 | 0.658 | 0.363 to 1.193 | 0.1682 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 1.129 | 1.042 to 1.223 | 0.0030 | 1.147 | 0.974 to 1.351 | 0.0999 | 2.476 | 1.163 to 5.273 | 0.0187 |
| Chronic rhinitis | 1.211 | 1.079 to 1.360 | 0.0012 | 1.364 | 1.076 to 1.730 | 0.0104 | 2.173 | 0.805 to 5.870 | 0.1258 |
| Chronic sinusitis | 1.147 | 1.041 to 1.263 | 0.0054 | 1.197 | 0.995 to 1.439 | 0.0560 | 0.513 | 0.237 to 1.111 | 0.0905 |
| Atopic dermatitis | 1.143 | 0.969 to 1.348 | 0.1131 | 1.170 | 0.854 to 1.604 | 0.3278 | 0.827 | 0.242 to 2.821 | 0.7610 |
| Depression | 1.157 | 1.020 to 1.312 | 0.0231 | 1.183 | 0.907 to 1.541 | 0.2147 | 1.870 | 0.847 to 4.128 | 0.1212 |
| Anxiety | 1.211 | 1.104 to 1.329 | <0.0001 | 1.128 | 0.929 to 1.370 | 0.2246 | 0.963 | 0.431 to 2.151 | 0.9273 |
| Obesity | 0.800 | 0.336 to 1.903 | 0.6137 | 0.939 | 0.220 to 4.009 | 0.9322 | 0.575 | 0.031 to 10.773 | 0.7112 |
| History of exacerbation (presence) | |||||||||
| CS bursts | 3.060 | 2.868 to 3.264 | <0.0001 | 3.344 | 2.938 to 3.808 | <0.0001 | 2.269 | 1.261 to 4.083 | 0.0062 |
| ED visits | 1.083 | 0.801 to 1.466 | 0.6039 | 1.250 | 0.811 to 1.926 | 0.3119 | 1.331 | 0.210 to 8.421 | 0.7612 |
| Hospitalisations | 1.384 | 1.157 to 1.655 | 0.0004 | 1.142 | 0.830 to 1.572 | 0.4150 | 3.253 | 1.105 to 9.576 | 0.0322 |
| MPR* | |||||||||
| MPR<20% | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |||
| 20%≤MPR<50% | 1.040 | 0.878 to 1.231 | 0.6507 | 0.652 | 0.538 to 0.790 | <0.0001 | 0.632 | 0.277 to 1.441 | 0.2752 |
| MPR≥50% | 1.147 | 0.985 to 1.335 | 0.0768 | 0.828 | 0.707 to 0.971 | 0.0202 | 0.362 | 0.185 to 0.708 | 0.0030 |
Bold results are statistically significant.
*The MPR was calculated in the measurement period, whereas age group, sex, comorbidities and history of exacerbation were evaluated in the premeasurement period.
CS, corticosteroid; ED, emergency department; GERD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; MPR, medication possession ratio.