Baseline characteristics by follow-up status
| Characteristic | Valid n | Followed up | Mean* or percent† (95% CI) difference between follow-up | Difference in categories between follow-up (p value)‡ | |
| No (n=64) | Yes (n=70) | ||||
| Demographics | |||||
| Care farm: yes | 134 | 24 (37.5) | 27 (38.6) | 1 | |
| Age at recruitment* | 134 | 29 (23.5, 37) | 34.5 (27, 45) | 6 (2.59 to 9.41) | |
| Gender: female | 134 | 15 (23.4) | 24 (34.3) | 0.19 | |
| IMD: quintiles within cohort | |||||
| 1—most deprived | 132 | 12 (19.1) | 15 (21.7) | 0.73 | |
| 2 | 14 (22.2) | 12 (17.4) | |||
| 3 | 15 (23.8) | 12 (17.4) | |||
| 4 | 12 (19.1) | 14 (20.3) | |||
| 5—least deprived | 10 (15.9) | 16 (23.2) | |||
| IMD: English quintiles | |||||
| 1—most deprived | 132 | 30 (47.6) | 31 (44.9) | 0.42 | |
| 2 | 14 (22.2) | 15 (21.7) | |||
| 3 | 12 (19.1) | 8 (11.6) | |||
| 4 | 5 (7.9) | 8 (11.6) | |||
| 5—least deprived | 2 (3.2) | 7 (10.1) | |||
| Employment status: full-time employed, self-employed, education or training | 130 | 14 (22.6) | 19 (27.9) | 0.51 | |
| Part time employed or self-employed | 6 (9.7) | 11 (16.2) | |||
| Unemployed or unable to work | 31 (50) | 26 (38.2) | |||
| Other | 11 (17.7) | 12 (17.7) | |||
| Ethnic group: white British | 134 | 53 (82.8) | 48 (68.6) | 0.19 | |
| White: other | 2 (3.1) | 3 (4.3) | |||
| Asian or Asian British | 3 (4.7) | 3 (4.3) | |||
| Black or black British | 2 (3.1) | 10 (14.3) | |||
| Other or mixed | 4 (6.3) | 6 (8.6) | |||
| Probation type: CRC | 134 | 59 (92.2) | 49 (70) | 0.002 | |
| NPS | 5 (7.8) | 21 (30) | |||
| Outcomes from questionnaires | |||||
| CORE-OM score* | 93 | 9.25 (3.8, 15.3) | 6.8 (3.5, 12.6) | −2.6 (−6.16 to 0.96) | |
| WEMWBS score* | 124 | 51 (42, 56) | 51 (45, 58) | 0 (−7.71 to 7.71) | |
| Connected to Nature Score* | 130 | 3.5 (2.67, 4) | 3.67 (2.83, 4.17) | 0.17 (−0.26 to 0.6) | |
| Health and lifestyle questions | |||||
| Number of days of >30 min physical activity in the last week† | 125 | 4 (2, 6) | 4 (2, 7) | 5.85 (− 11.02 to 25.91) | |
| Used substances during the past 4 weeks: yes† | 122 | 23 (40.4) | 17 (26.2) | 0.12 | |
| Number of days out of last seven drank alcohol | 103 | 1.5 (0, 4) | 2 (1, 3) | 3.5 (−30.94 to 55.11) | |
| Smoker: yes | 133 | 48 (76.2) | 38 (54.3) | 0.01 | |
| Healthy foods are enjoyable: strongly agree | 131 | 29 (46) | 27 (39.7) | 0.53 | |
| Agree | 21 (33.3) | 26 (38.2) | |||
| Neither agree nor disagree | 12 (19.1) | 11 (16.2) | |||
| Disagree | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.5) | |||
| Strongly disagree | 0 (0) | 3 (4.4) | |||
*Mean difference (and 95% CI) calculated from median regression.
†Per cent difference (and 95% CI) calculated from negative binomial regression.
‡Difference in proportions of categories between CO allocation calculated from Fisher’s exact test.
CORE-OM, Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure; CRC, Community Rehabilitation Company; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; NPS, National Probation Service; WEMWBS, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale.