Overall and age-specific characteristics of the severe traumatic brain injury requiring immediate neurosurgical intervention (BI-NSI) and non-BI-NSI groups
| Overall | 2 to 6 years old | |||||
| BI-NSI | Non BI-NSI | P value | BI-NSI | Non BI-NSI | P value | |
| n=297 | n=1183 | n=62 | n=356 | |||
| Age (years) | 9.7 (3.9) | 8.9 (4.0) | 0.002 | 4.0 (1.6) | 4.0 (1.5) | 0.860 |
| Male, n (%) | 209 (70.4) | 798 (67.5) | 0.366 | 44 (71.0) | 237 (66.6) | 0.559 |
| Mechanism of injury | 0.273 | 0.001 | ||||
| Traffic accident, n (%) | 204 (68.7) | 846 (71.5) | 22 (35.5) | 208 (58.4) | ||
| Fall, n (%) | 68 (22.9) | 272 (23.0) | 33 (53.2) | 133 (37.4) | ||
| Other, n (%) | 25 (8.4) | 65 (5.5) | 7 (11.3) | 15 (4.2) | ||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 128 (111, 147) | 123 (110, 138) | 0.009 | 118 (100, 139) | 120 (109, 135) | 0.599 |
| HR (beats/min) | 98 (78, 120) | 107 (89, 128) | <0.001 | 114 (86, 135) | 120 (100, 143) | 0.029 |
| GCS | 6 (4, 8) | 9 (7, 11) | <0.001 | 6 (4, 8) | 10 (7, 12) | <0.001 |
| *Surgery or TAE, n (%) | 13 (4.4) | 70 (5.9) | 0.397 | 1 (1.6) | 18 (5.1) | 0.332 |
| Spinal cord injury, n (%) | 3 (1.0) | 6 (0.5) | 0.396 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 |
| ISS | 25 (20, 33) | 18 (10, 29) | <0.001 | 25 (16, 27) | 17 (9, 25) | <0.001 |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 67 (21.9) | 68 (5.8) | <0.001 | 15 (24.2) | 14 (4.0) | <0.001 |