Substances identified
| Pharmacological groups | Women (n) | Percentage of women | Recommendations during pregnancy from promedicin.dk* |
| Analgesics | 51 | 11.7 | |
| Acetaminophen (paracetamol) | 41 | 9.4 | Can be used if necessary |
| Codeine | 5 | 1.1 | Should not be used |
| Ibuprofen | 2 | 0.5 | Only under certain conditions |
| Lidocaine + prilocaine (Emla†) | 1 | 0.2 | Can be used if necessary |
| Morphine (from codeine‡) | 1 | 0.2 | Should not be used |
| Salicylic acid (from acetylsalicylic acid) | 2 | 0.5 | Only under certain conditions |
| Tramadol | 1 | 0.2 | Only under certain conditions |
| Antidepressants | 13 | 3.0 | |
| Amitriptyline | 2 | 0.5 | Can be used if necessary |
| Citalopram | 4 | 0.9 | Can be used if necessary |
| Fluoxetine | 2 | 0.5 | Only under certain conditions |
| Sertraline | 3 | 0.7 | Can be used if necessary |
| Venlafaxine | 2 | 0.5 | Can be used if necessary |
| Antipsychotics | 3 | 0.7 | |
| Chlorprothixene (first generation, HD) | 1 | 0.2 | Should not be used |
| Quetiapine (second generation) | 1 | 0.2 | Only under certain conditions |
| Risperidone (second generation) | 1 | 0.2 | Only under certain conditions |
| Anxiolytics | 1 | 0.2 | |
| Diazepam | 1 | 0.2 | Only under certain conditions |
| Antiepileptics | 2 | 0.5 | |
| Gabapentin | 1 | 0.2 | Should not be used |
| Lamotrigine | 1 | 0.2 | Only under certain conditions |
| Levetiracetam | 1 | 0.2 | Only under certain conditions |
| Oxcarbazepine | 1 | 0.2 | Should not be used |
| Central stimulators | 1 | 0.2 | |
| Methylphenidate (ritalinic acid)§ | 1 | 0.2 | Should not be used |
| Antihistamines | 8 | 1.8 | |
| Cetirizine | 6 | 1.4 | Can be used if necessary |
| Cyclizine | 1 | 0.2 | Only under certain conditions |
| Meclozine | 1 | 0.2 | Only under certain conditions |
| Antidiabetics | 8 | 1.8 | |
| Metformin | 8 | 1.8 | Only under certain conditions |
| Sympathomimetic | 1 | 0.2 | |
| Salbutamol | 1 | 0.2 | Can be used if necessary |
| Quinin (possibly from tonic water) | 2 | 0.5 | Only under certain conditions |
| Illegal substances | 4 | 0.9 | |
| Cannabis¶ (THC-COOH and THC-COOH-glucuronide) | 4 | 0.9 | |
| Amphetamine | 1 | 0.2 | |
| Cocaine** (benzoylecgonine, levamisole and phenacetin) | 1 | 0.2 |
*Promedicin.dk is a Danish website developed by Danish Medicine Information for medical doctors and other healthcare personnel and contains detailed information on all marketed human medications. It is the most frequently used source of information on medication safety among Danish health professionals.
†Emla is a local anaesthetic containing lidocaine and prilocaine.
‡Morphine was found in a serum sample that also contained codeine, suggesting that the morphine could be a metabolite from codeine.
§Ritalinic acid is a metabolite of methylphenidate, indicating the use of methylphenidate.
¶The detected THC-COOH and THC-COOH glucuronide metabolites indicate the use of cannabis.
**The detection of the metabolite benzoylecgonine and the ‘cocaine cutting agents’ levamisole and phenacetin indicates cocaine use.