Cross-sectional associations of tertiles of optimism and cardiovascular health (LS7) (N=4919)
| Six-item LOT-R | Cardiovascular health | ||
| Continuous indicator(s) | Dichotomous indicator | ||
| AHA LS7 (0–14) | AHA LS7 (0–7) | ≥4 Ideal versus <4 Ideal | |
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Tertile 1—Lowest (reference group) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| M1: Unadjusted | |||
| Tertile II | 0.33 (0.12 to 0.55)* | 0.11 (−0.02 to 0.23) | 1.08 (0.89 to 1.31) |
| Tertile III—Highest | 0.14 (−0.09 to 0.36) | 0.03 (−0.11 to 0.17) | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.21) |
| M2: Minimally adjusted† | |||
| Tertile II | 0.28 (0.09 to 0.47)* | 0.11 (0.003 to 0.21)* | 1.11 (0.90 to 1.36) |
| Tertile III—Highest | 0.23 (0.03 to 0.43)* | 0.14 (0.03 to 0.26)* | 1.15 (0.91 to 1.44) |
| M3: Multivariable adjusted‡ | |||
| Tertile II | 0.24 (0.06 to 0.42)* | 0.09 (-0.01 to 0.20) | 1.09 (0.89 to 1.34) |
| Tertile III—Highest | 0.18 (−0.02 to 0.38) | 0.12 (0.01 to 0.24)* | 1.13 (0.89 to 1.42) |
Tertiles range from lowest (I) to highest (III) for the LOT-R measure, with tertile III corresponding to the highest levels of optimism for the full six-item LOT-R measure.
*P<0.05.
†Adjusted for age, sex, Hispanic/Latino national origin, marital status, education, income, insurance status, nativity/immigration status and language of interview.
‡Adjusted for age, sex, Hispanic/Latino national origin, marital status, education, income, insurance status, nativity/immigration status, language of interview, depressive symptoms (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), Physical Health Component of the 12-item Short Form Health Survey and prevalent coronary heart disease.
AHA, American Heart Association; LOT-R, Life Orientation Test-Revised; LS7, Life’s Simple 7.