Characteristics of the included randomised controlled trials
| Study (year) | Sex | Basic intervention | Experimental group (combination therapy) | Control group (monotherapy or sequential therapy) | Duration (month) | ||||
| Number | Age (SD) | Intervention | Number | Age (SD) | Intervention | ||||
| Black et al 18 (2003) | Female | 500 mg calcium, 400 IU vitamin D daily | 59 | 70.2 (6.8) | ALN 10 mg/day plus PTH 1–84 100 µg/day | 119 | 69.4 (7.3) | PTH 1–84 100 µg/day plus placebo | 12 |
| Finkelstein et al 17 (2003) | Male | 1000 to 1200 mg calcium, 400 IU vitamin D daily | 25 | 58 (8) | ALN 10 mg/day plus TPTD 40 µg/day | 20 | 57 (9) | TPTD 40 µg/day alone | 24 |
| Cosman et al 16 (2009) | Female | at least 500 mg calcium, 400 to 800 IU vitamin D daily | 52 | 67.8 (1.4) | ALN 10 mg/day or 70 mg/week plus TPTD 20 µg/day | 50 | 69.1 (1.4) | TPTD 20 µg/day alone | 18 |
| Finkelstein et al 15 (2010) | Female | 1000 to 1200 mg calcium, 400 IU vitamin D daily | 20 | 62 (7) | ALN 10 mg/day plus TPTD 40 µg/day | 20 | 65 (7) | TPTD 40 µg/day alone | 24 |
| Cosman, et al 14 (2011) | Female | 1000 to 1200 mg calcium, 400 to 800 IU vitamin D daily | 137 | 65.0 (8.8) | ZOL 5 mg/year plus TPTD 20 µg/day | 138 | 63.8 (9.1) | TPTD 20 µg/day plus oral placebo | 12 |
| Muschitz et al 13 (2013) | Female | 1000 mg calcium, 800 IU vitamin D daily | 41 | 71.6 (8.5) | ALN 70 mg/week plus TPTD 20 µg/day | 47 | 71.7 (9.3) | TPTD 20 µg/day alone | 9 |
| Walker et al 12 (2013) | Male | 500 mg calcium, 400 IU vitamin D daily | 10 | 56.7 (4.9) | RIS 35 mg/week plus TPTD 20 µg/day | 9 | 51.6 (3.9) | TPTD 20 µg/day plus oral placebo | 18 |
ALN, alendronate; PTH, parathyroid hormone; RIS, risedronate; TPTD, teriparatide; ZOL, zoledronate.