Characteristic | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||||
No of estimates | β (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted R2 (%) | No of estimates | β (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted R2 (%) | |
Mean age, years (per unit increase) | 41 | 0.003 (−0.012 to 0.018) | 0.665 | −2.48 | 41 | 0.003 (−0.009 to 0.017) | 0.570 | 58.41 |
Percentage of women in the sample (per unit increase) | 53 | 0.002 (− 0.001 to 0.007) | 0.190 | 0.96 | 41 | −0.000 (−0.004 to 0.004) | 0.962 | |
Study quality assessment score (per unit increase) | 53 | −0.007 (−0.046 to 0.031) | 0.697 | −1.77 | 41 | 0.015 (−0.020 to 0.051) | 0.379 | |
World Bank region classification (Reference: Latin America and the Caribbean) | 38 | 19.96 | 29 | |||||
East Asia and Pacific | 11 | −0.138 (−0.212 to −0.063) | 0.001 | 8 | −0.105 (−0.177 to −0.033) | 0.005 | ||
Europe and Central Asia | 2 | 0.014 (−0.144 to 0.173) | 0.856 | 2 | 0.068 (−0.051 to 0.189) | 0.252 | ||
South Asia | 2 | −0.051 (−0.217 to −0.114) | 0.535 | 2 | 0.001 (−0.129 to 0.132) | 0.982 | ||
Frailty assessment method (Reference: frailty phenotype with five criteria, weakness and slowness assessed using objective tests) | 23 | 47.11 | 20 | |||||
EFS | 6 | 0.222 (0.124 to 0.319) | 0.000 | 6 | 0.215 (0.120 to 0.309) | 0.000 | ||
Frailty index | 4 | 0.053 (−0.041 to 0.149) | 0.264 | 2 | 0.171 (0.056 to 0.286) | 0.005 | ||
Fried phenotype with four criteria | 13 | 0.026 (−0.037, to 0.089) | 0.410 | 12 | 0.032 (−0.035 to 0.100) | 0.342 | ||
Fried phenotype with five criteria, weakness and slowness assessed using self-reported questions (subjective) | 7 | 0.206 (0.129 to 0.283) | 0.000 | 1 | 0.223 (0.065 to 0.382) | 0.007 |
EFS, Edmonton Frail Scale.