Table 2

The effect of metabolic mediators (M) in the association between fruit intake (X) and cardiovascular disease (Y)

Metabolic factors (M)	Fruit intake
	X → M (a)			M → Y (b)			X → Y (c′=direct effect)			Indirect effect (a*b)
	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	95% CI
SBP*	−0.484	0.144	0.001	0.013	0.004	0.002	−0.137	0.072	0.06	−0.007	−0.014	−0.002
TC*	−0.156	0.357	0.66	−0.019	0.003	<0.0001	−0.144	0.075	0.05	0.003	−0.011	0.017
FPG*	−0.665	0.217	<0.01	0.004	0.003	0.20	−0.144	0.074	0.05	−0.002	−0.006	0.001
BMI*	−0.059	0.034	0.08	0.078	0.022	0.001	−0.143	0.072	<0.05	−0.005	−0.012	0.001
SBP†	−0.420	0.139	<0.01	0.011	0.005	0.01	−0.127	0.072	0.08	−0.005	−0.011	−0.0004
TC†	−0.064	0.352	0.86	−0.019	0.003	<0.0001	−0.126	0.075	0.09	0.001	−0.012	0.015
FPG†	−0.614	0.214	<0.01	0.002	0.003	0.42	−0.130	0.074	0.08	−0.002	−0.005	0.002

All analyses were performed separately according to each metabolic mediator.
*Adjusted for sex, age, income, region (urban/rural), current smoking and survey year.
†Adjusted for sex, age, income, region (urban/rural), current smoking, survey year and BMI.
BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol;.