Factors associated with underestimation of high CVD risk by patients
| Significance value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | ||
| Lower | Upper | |||
| Age | 0.550 | 1.009 | 0.981 | 1.037 |
| Gender (female) | 0.339 | 1.290 | 0.765 | 2.175 |
| Smoker (non-smoker) | 0.167 | 0.616 | 0.310 | 1.224 |
| Income | 0.280 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Systolic BP | 0.482 | 1.006 | 0.989 | 1.023 |
| Diastolic BP | 0.194 | 0.982 | 0.955 | 1.009 |
| Waist circumference | 0.043 | 0.980 | 0.960 | 0.999 |
| Body mass index | 0.230 | 0.981 | 0.952 | 1.012 |
| Total cholesterol | 0.211 | 0.770 | 0.512 | 1.160 |
| LDL cholesterol | 0.154 | 1.364 | 0.890 | 2.090 |
| HDL cholesterol | 0.252 | 1.484 | 0.755 | 2.917 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Malay (reference) | 1.0 | |||
| Chinese | 0.430 | 1.335 | 0.651 | 2.738 |
| Indian | 0.533 | 1.252 | 0.671 | 2.539 |
| Indigineous | 0.000 | 0.129 | 0.071 | 0.235 |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes (reference) | – | 1.0 | ||
| No | 0.370 | 1.335 | 0.709 | 2.514 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes(reference) | – | 1.0 | ||
| No | 0.596 | 1.230 | 0.572 | 2.644 |
| Antiplatelet use | ||||
| Yes (reference) | – | 1.0 | ||
| No | 0.523 | 1.186 | 0.703 | 2.000 |
| Statin use | ||||
| Yes (reference) | – | 1.0 | ||
| No | 0.739 | 0.905 | 0.504 | 1.626 |
| Family history with stroke | ||||
| Yes (reference) | – | 1.0 | ||
| No | 0.198 | 1.494 | 0.811 | 2.753 |
| Family history with CVD | ||||
| Yes (reference) | – | 1.0 | ||
| No | 0.001 | 2.705 | 1.538 | 4.757 |
BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL; low-density lipoprotein.
p-values <0.05 are in bold.