(n=1019) | (n=668) | (n=335) | (n=16) | P value | |
Age 50 – 64 years | |||||
Pain | 0.92 (0.85) | 0.95 (0.85) | 0.86 (0.86) | 1.06 (0.93) | 0.210 |
Age (years) | 57.21 (4.06) | 56.88 (4.00) | 57.77 (4.10) | 59.15 (4.62) | 0.001 |
Male sex (%) | 452 (44.4) | 294 (44.0) | 150 (44.8) | 8 (50.0) | 0.877 |
Body mass index | 24.97 (3.65) | 24.82 (3.60) | 25.05 (3.70) | 25.35 (4.71) | 0.785 |
Education (years) | 8.36 (4.45) | 8.63 (4.31) | 7.95 (4.71) | 5.88 (3.50) | 0.006 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.52 (0.86) | 0.45 (0.77) | 0.63 (0.95) | 1.19 (1.33) | <0.001 |
CES Depression Scale | 2.04 (4.16) | 1.37 (2.57) | 2.89 (4.83) | 12.19 (14.64) | <0.001 |
Mini-Mental State Examination | 27.49 (2.45) | 27.66 (2.24) | 27.23 (2.72) | 25.63 (2.45) | <0.001 |
Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test | 7.12 (1.66) | 7.22 (1.57) | 6.95 (1.75) | 6.50 (2.56) | 0.016 |
Boston Naming Test | 11.25 (2.63) | 11.54 (2.50) | 10.76 (2.79) | 9.38 (2.13) | <0.001 |
Verbal Fluency Test | 15.55 (4.70) | 15.82 (4.79) | 15.12 (4.49) | 13.25 (4.20) | 0.012 |
Taylor Complex Figure Test | 32.51 (4.85) | 32.85 (4.39) | 32.00 (5.31) | 28.63 (9.43) | <0.001 |
Digit Backward Test | 4.24 (1.69) | 4.35 (1.67) | 4.05 (1.73) | 3.25 (1.53) | 0.002 |
Clock Drawing Test | 8.48 (1.90) | 8.64 (1.78) | 8.23 (2.05) | 6.63 (2.50) | <0.001 |
All values show mean (SD), except sex, number (%).
CES, Center for Epidemiologic Studies.