Univariate and multivariate analyses of correlates of HIV positivity among sexually active men according to sex work, 2004–2016*
| Variables | SWs | Non-SWs | ||||||
| PR | 95% CI | APR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | APR | 95% CI | |
| Age† | 1.02 | 1.00 to 1.04 | 1.02 | 0.99 to 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.04 to 1.06 | 1.02 | 1.01 to 1.04 |
| Urban recruitment region | 2.80 | 0.87 to 8.99 | 3.70 | 0.95 to 14.47 | 2.18 | 1.51 to 3.16 | 1.88 | 1.31 to 2.69 |
| Homelessness | 0.72 | 0.49 to 1.04 | 0.61 | 0.42 to 0.89 | 0.69 | 0.57 to 0.83 | 0.75 | 0.62 to 0.92 |
| Year of recruitment† | 0.96 | 0.90 to 1.01 | 0.96 | 0.90 to 1.02 | 0.98 | 0.96 to 1.01 | 0.98 | 0.95 to 1.01 |
| Time since first injection (≥6 years) | 3.65 | 1.76 to 7.58 | 2.61 | 1.20 to 5.69 | 3.44 | 2.46 to 4.81 | 2.49 | 1.75 to 3.55 |
| Injection partners | ||||||||
| Always injected alone | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Mainly with known persons | 0.85 | 0.45 to 1.58 | 1.28 | 0.66 to 2.47 | 1.00 | 0.79 to 1.26 | 1.17 | 0.92 to 1.48 |
| Mainly with strangers | 1.32 | 0.77 to 2.25 | 1.63 | 0.96 to 2.74 | 1.05 | 0.84 to 1.31 | 1.12 | 0.90 to 1.40 |
| Injection with syringes used by someone else | ||||||||
| Never | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Mainly obtained from known persons | 1.15 | 0.69 to 1.92 | 1.12 | 0.70 to 1.80 | 0.82 | 0.63 to 1.06 | 1.20 | 0.90 to 1.61 |
| Mainly obtained from strangers | 1.08 | 0.67 to 1.72 | 1.19 | 0.67 to 2.09 | 1.67 | 1.25 to 2.24 | 1.83 | 1.39 to 2.42 |
| Injection with materials used by someone else (other than syringes) | ||||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | ||
| Mainly obtained from known persons | 1.24 | 0.84 to 1.85 | 1.83 | 1.13 to 2.95 | 0.77 | 0.61 to 0.95 | 1.12 | 0.87 to 1.43 |
| Mainly obtained from strangers | 0.85 | 0.49 to 1.48 | 1.04 | 0.60 to 1.82 | 1.02 | 0.74 to 1.40 | 1.04 | 0.78 to 1.39 |
| Not having lent used syringes to others | 1.33 | 0.85 to 2.09 | 1.59 | 1.03 to 2.47 | 1.58 | 1.16 to 2.15 | 1.36 | 1.03 to 1.81 |
| High number of injections in the past month (≥120) | 1.39 | 0.96 to 2.02 | 1.43 | 0.97 to 2.10 | 0.89 | 0.73 to 1.09 | 1.00 | 0.82 to 1.21 |
| Cocaine as the most often injected drug | 2.43 | 1.23 to 4.81 | 2.14 | 0.93 to 4.91 | 2.07 | 1.64 to 2.65 | 1.53 | 1.18 to 1.98 |
| Consistent condom use for vaginal or anal sex | ||||||||
| Not always | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Always | 2.46 | 1.52 to 3.98 | 1.49 | 0.93 to 2.40 | 2.61 | 2.11 to 3.23 | 2.50 | 2.01 to 3.10 |
| No anal or vaginal intercourse | 1.29 | 0.70 to 2.36 | 0.84 | 0.41 to 1.70 | 3.43 | 2.53 to 4.63 | 1.78 | 1.29 to 2.45 |
| Condom use at the last sexual intercourse | 2.54 | 1.67 to 3.88 | 2.36 | 1.50 to 3.71 | 1.51 | 1.23 to 1.85 | 0.91 | 0.75 to 1.10 |
| Sex of sexual partners | ||||||||
| Only women | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Only men | 1.71 | 0.92 to 3.17 | 2.76 | 1.31 to 5.84 | 3.20 | 2.48 to 4.13 | 2.31 | 1.72 to 3.09 |
| Both men and women | 1.52 | 0.81 to 2.85 | 2.31 | 1.16 to 4.61 | 1.20 | 0.80 to 1.81 | 1.07 | 0.64 to 1.79 |
*Generalised estimating equations, multivariate analyses performed using n=445 visits (86 not included due to missing values) for men who reported sex work and n=5404 visits (669 not included due to missing values) for men who did not report sex work.
†Treated as continuous variables.
APR, adjusted proportion ratio; PR, proportion ratio; SW, sex worker.