Conceptions of science communication
| Conception | Definition | |
| Type 1 | Professional science communication | Knowledge exchanged among researchers; associated with the professional practice of science. |
| Type 2 | Deficit science communication | Knowledge exchanged from researchers to the public. |
| Type 3 | Consultative science communication | Knowledge exchanged iteratively from researchers to the public, and from the public to the researchers. |
| Type 4 | Deliberative science communication | Knowledge exchanged in a democratic and deliberative manner in which the principal actors have equal standing, and scientific knowledge and local knowledge are mutually respected. |