*Prespecified key confounders: a, age; d, dementia severity; g, gender; s, socioeconomic status. All other confounders:  ADL, activities of  daily living; ba, boundary ambiguity;  bp, behaviour problems;  c,  number of children; cb, caregiver burden;  ci,  caregiver illness; ec,  emotional closeness; fe,  family efficiency;  hs,  help services used; m,  medication; nc,  non-coresidency; nf,  negative feeling; oc, organised cohesiveness; r,  religion; t,  time spent (duration of) caregiving.

†These are the subscales of the relationship quality scale.

HR > 1  indicates increased risk, HR < 1 indicates decreased risk. OR > 1 indicates increased odds of outcome, OR < 1 indicates decreased odds of outcome.

Corr, correlation (This is a number between −1 to +1 and indicates the degree to which the exposure and outcome vary together. Positive numbers indicate that exposure and outcome increase together, while negative numbers indicate that the outcome increases as the exposure decreases. Larger numbers indicate stronger correlation); MD, mean difference in outcome (Large differences between groups suggests that the exposure might affect the outcome. For continuous exposures, mean difference represents the change in the outcome for one unit increase in the exposure.); NR, information not reported (where possible results and 95% CIs were calculated from raw data); PoV, proportion of variance (This is a number between 0–1 indicating the proportion of variance in the outcome explained by the exposure. Higher numbers indicate greater explanatory power of the exposure.)