| Cancer death (a subset of non-CVD death) | 1226 | 475 | 751 |
| Crude | 1.21 (1.02 to 1.44) | 1.63 (1.16 to 2.30) | 0.97 (0.79 to 1.19) |
| Model 1* | 1.27 (1.06 to 1.52) | 1.58 (1.12 to 2.23) | 1.09 (0.89 to 1.35) |
| Model 2† | 1.22 (1.02 to 1.47) | 1.53 (1.08 to 2.17) | 1.07 (0.87 to 1.33) |
| Model 3‡ | 1.17 (0.98 to 1.41) | 1.45 (1.02 to 2.05) | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.30) |
| Model 4§ | 1.12 (0.93 to 1.36) | 1.49 (1.03 to 2.13) | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.27) |
| Model 4 + baseline CES-D × self-reported health | P value for the interaction term —.07 | ||
*Model 1 adjusts for sociodemographics (age, gender, region, income, health insurance and education).
†Model 2 adds to model 1 medical conditions, physiological factors and medication use (systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, use of aspirin, statins, antihypertensives, antidepressants, body mass index, logarithmically transformed albumin to creatinine ratio, diabetes, CVD, medication use as a proxy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cognitive impairment).
‡Model 3 adds to model 2 behavioural risk factors (pack-years of cigarette smoking, self-reported alcohol use, physical inactivity and medication non-adherence).
§Model 4 adds to model three other factors (physical health component score of SF-12, log-transformed high sensitivity C reactive protein and perceived stress).
Each participant contributes one measure of CES-D at baseline.
CES-D, Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression; CVD, cardiovascular disease; SF-12, Short-Form Health Survey .
HR and 95% CI were estimated by Cox proportional hazard regression models. Bold P value <0.05; missing data in covariates imputed using chained equations.