Cancer screening or testing/diet group | Participants answering the relevant question, n* | Participants answering in the affirmative, n (%)* | Prevalence ratio (95% CI)* |
Breast screening† | |||
Meat eaters | 9239 | 8813 (95.4) | 1.00 (ref) |
Fish eaters | 2143 | 1928 (90.0) | 0.96 (0.92 to 1.01) |
Vegetarians | 2395 | 2078 (86.8) | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.98) |
Vegans | 239 | 182 (76.2) | 0.82 (0.71 to 0.95) |
P heterogeneity=0.004 | |||
Cervical screening‡ | |||
Meat eaters | 15 936 | 15 365 (96.4) | 1.00 (ref) |
Fish eaters | 4513 | 4369 (96.8) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) |
Vegetarians | 6574 | 6268 (95.3) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) |
Vegans | 758 | 691 (91.2) | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) |
P heterogeneity=0.37 | |||
Prostate-specific antigen testing§ | |||
Meat eaters | 3078 | 1066 (34.6) | 1.00 (ref) |
Fish eaters | 594 | 181 (30.5) | 0.99 (0.85 to 1.17) |
Vegetarians | 947 | 228 (24.1) | 0.82 (0.71 to 0.96) |
Vegans | 164 | 33 (20.1) | 0.72 (0.50 to 1.02) |
P heterogeneity=0.023 |
*Number answering the relevant question and n (%) answering in the affirmative were as observed. Prevalence ratios were adjusted for age at follow-up (<40, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, ≥75 years, as appropriate according to the age range of included participants), region of residence (eight regions) and self-reported current health (excellent, good, fair, poor, unknown).
†Included women aged 50–74 who answered the relevant question on the second (10-year) follow-up questionnaire.
‡Included women aged 25–74 who answered the relevant question on the first (5-year) follow-up questionnaire.
§Included men aged 50–84 who answered the relevant question on the second (10-year) follow-up questionnaire.